חומר אפל קל

באסטרונומיה וקוסמולוגיה, חומר אפל קל (light dark matter) הוא כינוי לחלקיקי חומר אפל השייכים למחלקה של חלקיקים שמגיבים חלש יותר עם כוחות ושדות (כבידה ואחרים) מאשר הכוחות הגרעיניים בתוכם (WIMPs- Weakly interacting massive particles). על פי ההערכות, לחלקיקים אילו מסה הפחותה מ-1Gev. הם כבדים יותר מאשר חומר אפל חם (WDM-Warm Dark Matter, HDM-Hot Dark Matter) וקלים יותר מאשר חומר אפל קר (CDM-Cold Dark Matter). באופן יחסי, לחלקיקים אילו יש מסה גדולה ביחס לשאר החלקיקים במודל הסטנדרטי. בנוסף, אפשרות לבניית מודל של חומר אפל קל עשויה להתאפשר על ידי הנחת קיום של בוזוני אור חדשים.

מוטיבציה

כלל החלקיקים שאוזכרו לעיל, הם חלק ממודל למדא-CDM, המודל המקובל כיום בקרב חוקרים להסבר תופעות ומאפיינים של היקום והיווצרותו. אחת ההנחות של המודל הוא קיומם של חלקיקי חומר אפל. חומר אפל הוא חומר היפותטי שקיומו מאפשר הסבר לתופעות כבידיות מסוימות. לפי הנחת החומר האפל, ישנם כמה סוגים שונים שלו, שחומר אפל קל מהווה אחד מהם. חקר חומר אפל קל נעשה נפוץ בקרב מדענים בשל התרומה הרבה של המחקר לביסוס מודלים ותאוריות שמסבירות את היווצרות היקום.

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