השושלת הרסולית

השושלת הרסולית הייתה שושלת מוסלמית סונית ששלטה בתימן, בחצרמוות, מ-1228/1229 עד 1454/1455.

מטבע מעדן, מתקופת השושלת הרסולית, 1335

הרסולים ייחסו את עצמם למוחמד בן הארון, הידוע בכינוי "רסול" ("שליח" בערבית).[1] רסול היה מנהיג ממוצא אוע'וזי-טורקמני שהגיע לתימן בסביבות שנת 1180, שם שימש כשליח של הח'ליף העבאסי. בנו של רסול, עלי, היה מושל מכה, ונכדו, עומר בן עלי, היה הסולטאן הראשון של השושלת הרסולית. לשושלת זו השתייכו 13 שליטים בסך הכל.

הרסולים תפסו את מקומה של השושלת האיובית המצרית, לאחר שזו נסוגה ממעוזיה בדרום חצי האי ערב, והעניקה להם את ברכתה. למרות מקורם הטורקי, טענו הרסולים למוצא מקומי. הם שלטו במדינה מהעיר זביד ולאחר מכן מתעיז. בתחילה שלטו הרסולים גם בחג'אז שמדרום למכה, אך באמצע המאה ה-14, בעקבות מאבקים בינם לבין הממלוכים על השליטה במכה ובאל-מדינה, נאלצו לסגת מאזור זה.

תקופתם התאפיינה במאבקי שליטה פנימיים בינם לבין שבטי הזיידים השיעים. עם זאת, המאה ה-13 והמאה ה-14 נחשבות לתקופת פריחה בתולדות תימן, והמדינה נהנתה מקשרי מסחר ענפים וממיקומה על דרך הבשמים. במהלך תקופת תוהו במחצית הראשונה של המאה ה-15 הצטצמם שטח שליטתם של הרסולים והוגבל לדרום תימן.

ב-1454/5 תפסה השושלת הטאהרית את מקומם.

ראו גם

לקריאה נוספת

  • G. Rex Smith, The Ayyubids and early Rasulids in the Yemen. Vols. I-II. London 1974-1978.
  • El-Khazraji, The pearl-strings: A history of the Resuliyy Dynasty of Yemen. Vols. I-V. Leiden & London 1906-1918

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא השושלת הרסולית בוויקישיתוף

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ Smith, G.R., “Rasūlids”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, s.v.
ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא היסטוריה. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ולהרחיב אותו.

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