קאסל בראבו

ענן הפטרייה של קאסל בראבו, כפי שנראה ממטוסי חיל האוויר האמריקאים שתיעדו את הניסוי.

קאסל בראבו (באנגלית: Castle Bravo) היה שם הקוד שניתן לניסוי של ארצות הברית בפצצת מימן. ניסוי זה נערך ב-1 במרץ 1954 באטמוספירה מעל האי ביקיני, איי מרשל, והיה הניסוי הראשון בסדרת הניסויים "קאסל". במהלך ניסוי זה פוצצה פצצת "קאסל בראבו", שעוצמתה הייתה 15 מגהטון של TNT (כ-30% מהפצצה החזקה ביותר בעולם - פצצת הצאר).[1] העוצמה שנוצרה בפיצוץ זה הייתה גבוהה בהרבה מהעוצמה המשוערת של 4–8 מגה טון,[2] וגרמה לנזקים כבדים באתר הניסוי ובאזורים סמוכים, ובתוספת הרוחות שהיו בזמן הניסוי, גרמה לזיהום הרדיואקטיבי העצום ביותר שנוצר אי פעם על ידי ארצות הברית.

נשורת גרעינית שנוצרה מפגיעת הפיצוץ בקרקע התפזרה על תושבי האיים, ובנוסף תוצרי הפיצוץ יצרו נשורת של גז ואבק שהתפשטה עם הרוח על שטחים נרחבים בעולם. תושבי האי פונו באופן בלתי מתוכנן, רק שלושה ימים לאחר הפיצוץ, וסבלו ממחלות רדיואקטיביות[3]. כמו כן נפגעה מהזיהום גם סירת דייגים יפנית, שהייתה בקרבת מקום. עוצמת הפיצוץ גרמה לתגובה בין לאומית כנגד ניסויים גרעיניים באטמוספירה, ובסופו של דבר הובילה להחלטה להפסיק ניסויים בפצצות מימן.[4]

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא קאסל בראבו בוויקישיתוף

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2014/02/27/castle-bravo-the-largest-u-s-nuclear-explosion/
  2. ^ "Operation Castle". nuclearweaponarchive.org. 17 במאי 2006. נבדק ב-2016-05-20. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
  3. ^ "The Ghost Fleet of Bikini Atoll". Mystery of Old World Cultures. October 11, 2009. A&E Television Networks. Military History Channel. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402123924/https://www.history.co.uk/shows/ghost-fleet-of-the-bikini-atoll. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
  4. ^ Foster, John Bellamy (2009). The Ecological Revolution: Making Peace with the Planet. Monthly Review Press. p. 73.

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