סגנון ייחוס

סגנון ייחוס (באנגלית: Explanatory style) הוא אפיון הדרך בה בני אדם מייחסים סיבות לאירועים, חיוביים או שליליים. סגנון ייחוס מוערך באמצעות שלושה ממדים: פנימיות/חיצוניות (ייחוס פנימי או חיצוני), יציבות (סגנון ייחוס יציב או לא יציב), וגלובליות (האם סגנון הייחוס משפיע על תחומים אחרים, או רלוונטי רק במקרים ספציפיים).[1]

למשל, אנשים עם סגנון ייחוס פסימי נוטים לייחס לאירועי חיים שליליים סיבות קבועות ויציבות לאורך זמן, להאשים את עצמם באירועים שליליים, ולהאמין שאירועים כאלה יימשכו ללא הגבלת זמן.[1] מצד שני, בעלי סגנון ייחוס אופטימי בדרך כלל מייחסים אירועים שליליים לגורמים חיצוניים, ואינם מייחסים להם סיבות קבועות ויציבות לאורך זמן, העלולות להשפיע על היבטים רבים של חייהם.[2]

מחקרים מלמדים כי סגנון ייחוס שלילי מהווה גורם פגיעות לדיכאון המהווה גורם תורם להיווצרות ושימור הדיכאון.[3] התפתחותו של סגנון ייחוס עשויה להיות מושפעת מחוויות של אמון, קשרים בין-אישיים, ואירועים הניתנים לשליטה.

ראו גם

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ 1 2 Lyn Y. Abramson, Martin E. Seligman, John D. Teasdale, Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation., Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87, 1978-02, עמ' 49–74 doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.87.1.49
  2. ^ Seligman, Martin. Learned Optimism. New York, NY: Pocket Books. 1998.
  3. ^ Lyn Y. Abramson, Gerald I. Metalsky, Lauren B. Alloy, Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression., Psychological Review 96, 1989-04, עמ' 358–372 doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.358
ערך זה הוא קצרמר בנושא פסיכולוגיה. אתם מוזמנים לתרום לוויקיפדיה ולהרחיב אותו.

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