יצע

יצע של Pellia epiphylla

יצע, או תלוס (ביוונית: Thallus; ברבים: thalli; מיוונית עתיקה: θαλλός ומלטינית: thallos, שמשמעותו ענף ירוק או זלזל) הוא הרקמה הווגטטיבית של אורגניזמים מסוימים בקבוצות מגוונות כמו אצות, פטריות, כמה טחבי כבד וחזזיות. רבים מהאורגניזמים הללו היו ידועים בעבר בתור תלופיטים, קבוצה פוליפילטית של אורגניזמים בעלי קרבה רחוקה. אורגניזם או מבנה הדומים ליצע נקראים תלואיד, תלודאלי, תליפורמי, תלין או תאלוז (thallose).

יצע הוא גוף של אורגניזם רב-תאי שאינו נייד, בו אין ארגון של רקמות התאים לאיברים. [1] ליצע אין חלקים מאורגנים ומובחנים – עלים, שורשים וגבעולים – כמו לצמחים וסקולריים, אך ייתכן שיש לו מערכת הובלה. למבנים אלה יש תפקוד או מבנה מקרוסקופי דומה, אך מבנה מיקרוסקופי שונה. לדוגמה, במקרים חריגים כמו Lemnoideae, שבהם המבנה של צמח וסקולרי הוא דמוי יצע, הוא מכונה בעל מבנה תלואידי, או לפעמים תלואיד.

יצע אינו מובחן ביותר, מבחינת האנטומיה שלו, אך יכולים להיות הבדלים נראים והבדלים תפקודיים. בקלפ, למשל, עשוי היצע להיות מחולק לשלושה אזורים. חלקים של יצע אצות כוללים חזק (עוגן), סטיפ (תומך בלהבים) ולהבים (לפוטוסינתזה). [2]

יצע של פטריה נקרא בדרך כלל תפטיר. המונח "יצע" משמש בדרך כלל גם לגוף הרבייה הווגטטיבית של חזזית. באצות ים, יצע נקרא לפעמים גם "פרונד" (Frond).

הגמטופיט של כמה צמחים שאינם ליקופודים – שבטבט ושרכנים – מכונה "פרוטלוס" (Prothallus).

קישורים חיצוניים

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ Haupt, Arthur W. (1953). Plant Morphology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book company. p. 7.
  2. ^ "The term thallus is a botanical term that refers to the body of a plant that does not have leaves". www.botany.hawaii.edu.

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