הניסוי של רדי

פרנצ'סקו רדי

הניסוי של רדי הוא כינוי לניסוי מפורסם שנערך בשנת 1668 על ידי חוקר הטבע האיטלקי פרנצ'סקו רדי. הניסוי, שהיה אחד מהניסויים החשובים בתולדות הביולוגיה, הפריך את הדעה הרווחת שלפיה היווצרותו של יצור חי היא מחומר דומם (תאוריית הבריאה הספונטנית), וקבע כי מוצאו של החי הוא מהחי.

מהלך הניסוי

חלק מהניסוי של רדי: צנצנת סגורה בפקק וצנצנת פתוחה

לשם הניסוי, לקח רדי שלוש צנצנות, ובכל אחת מהן הוא שם נתח בשר. את כל אחת מהצנצנות, רדי כיסה בדרך אחרת: את הצנצנת הראשונה הוא השאיר פתוחה, את הצנצנת השנייה הוא כיסה בבד גאזה ואת השלישית הוא אטם בעזרת פקק שעם. ככל הנראה, בניסוי השתמש רדי בכמה צנצנות מכל סוג. לפי השערתו של רדי, אם תאוריית הבריאה הספונטנית היא נכונה, כעבור זמן מה אמורים לחיות רימות בכל אחת מהצנצנות.

לאחר מספר יממות, רדי מצא וראה שבצנצנת הפתוחה ישנו מספר גבוה של זבובים ורימות על נתח הבשר, בצנצנת המכוסה בבד נמצאו מעט רימות על הבד ושבצנצנת שנאטמה בעזרת פקק השעם לא נמצאו כלל רימות או זבובים.

תוצאות הניסוי זכו לפרסום רב, פורסמו בספרו "ניסויים בדבר מוצא החרקים" (Esperienze intorno alla generazione degli insetti) וגררו בעקבותיהן ניסויים דומים שהפריכו את תאוריית הבריאה הספונטנית מיסודה.

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