אלומיניום הידרוקסיד

אלומיניום הידרוקסיד
כתיב כימי AlH₃O₃ עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
מספר CAS 21645-51-2
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

אלומיניום הידרוקסיד, Al(OH)3, נמצא בטבע כמינרל גיבסיט (אנ') (הידוע גם בשם הידרארגיליט), ושלושת הפולימורפים הנדירים בהרבה שלו: בייריט, דוילייט ונורדסטראנדיט. אלומיניום הידרוקסיד הוא אמפוטרי, כלומר, יש לו תכונות בסיסיות וחומציות כאחד. תרכובות הדומות לאלומיניום הידרוקסיד הן למשל אלומיניום אוקסיד הידרוקסיד, AlO(OH), ואלומינה, Al2O3, שהוא גם כן אמפוטרי. תרכובות אלו יחד הן המרכיבים העיקריים של עפרות האלומיניום בוקסיט. אלומיניום הידרוקסיד יוצר גם משקע ג'לטיני במים.

תכונות

אלומיניום הידרוקסיד הוא אמפוטרי. בתווך חומצי הוא מתנהג כבסיס ברונסטד-לאורי. הוא מנטרל את החומצה, ומניב מלח[1]:

3HCl + Al(OH)3 → AlCl3 + 3 H2O

בתווך בסיסי, הוא מתנהג כחומצת לואיס על ידי קשירת יוני הידרוקסיד[1]:

-Al(OH)3 + OH− → Al(OH)4

בטיחות

בשנות ה-60 וה-70 עלתה השערה שאלומיניום קשור להפרעות נוירולוגיות שונות, כולל מחלת אלצהיימר[2]. מאז, מחקרים אפידמיולוגיים מרובים לא מצאו קשר בין חשיפה לאלומיניום סביבתי או בבליעה לבין הפרעות נוירולוגיות, אם כי אלומיניום מוזרק לא נבדק במחקרים אלו[3][4].

הפרעות עצביות נמצאו בניסויים על עכברים שמונעים על ידי סינדרום מלחמת המפרץ (אנ') (GWI). אלומיניום הידרוקסיד שהוזרק במינונים שווי ערך לאלו שניתנו לצבא ארצות הברית, הראה עלייה באסטרוציטים תגובתיים, עלייה באפופטוזה של נוירונים מוטוריים והתפשטות מיקרוגלייה בתוך חוט השדרה וקליפת הראייה[5].

קישורים חיצוניים

ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא אלומיניום הידרוקסיד בוויקישיתוף

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ 1 2 Basic and Amphoteric Hydroxides, web.archive.org, ‏2017-08-22
  2. ^ Aluminium and Alzheimer's disease - Alzheimer's Society, web.archive.org, ‏2012-03-11
  3. ^ Virginie Rondeau, A review of epidemiologic studies on aluminum and silica in relation to Alzheimer's disease and associated disorders, Reviews on Environmental Health 17, 2002, עמ' 107–121
  4. ^ A. B. Graves, D. Rosner, D. Echeverria, J. A. Mortimer, Occupational exposures to solvents and aluminium and estimated risk of Alzheimer's disease, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 55, 1998-09, עמ' 627–633
  5. ^ Christopher A. Shaw, Michael S. Petrik, Aluminum hydroxide injections lead to motor deficits and motor neuron degeneration, Journal of inorganic biochemistry 103, 2009-11, עמ' 1555 doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.05.019

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