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Wannan mukalar bata da Reference (Manazarta) ko daya, ka taimaka ta hanyar samar da Manazarta daga littafi ko yanar gizo, duba wannan shafin domin samun masaniya akan yanda zaka samar da Reference (Manazarta) a cikin wannan mukalar.  . |
Maria Howard Weeden (Yuli 6, 1846 - Afrilu 12, 1905), wacce ta sanya hannu kan aikinta kuma aka buga shi a matsayin Howard Weeden,Ba'amurke ce me zance kuma mawaƙiya da ke zaune a Huntsville, Alabama. Bayan yakin basasar Amurka,ta fara sayar da ayyukan da ta zana, wadanda suka hada da hotunan’yan Afirka da dama da suka ‘yantar da mata..Ta baje kolin ayyukanta a Berlin da Paris a 1895, inda aka karbe ta sosai.Ta buga littattafai guda huɗu na waƙoƙinta daga 1898 zuwa 1904, waɗanda aka kwatanta da fasaharta.An shigar da ita bayan mutuwarta a cikin Gidan Mata na Alabama a cikin 1998.
Kuruciya
An haifi Weeden a ranar 6 ga Yuli,1846,a Huntsville, Alabama, watanni shida bayan mutuwar mahaifinta, Dokta William Weeden, wanda kuma ya kasance mai shuka mai wadata. Mahaifiyarta ita ce matarsa ta biyu, tsohuwar gwauruwar Jane (née Urquhart) Watkins. Mahaifiyarsu ta rene Weeden da yayanta biyar a gidan Weeden a Huntsville.
A lokacin yakin basasa, Sojojin Tarayyar sun kwace gidansu don amfani da jami'anta lokacin da suka mamaye birnin a 1862. Iyalansu sun fara ƙaura zuwa rukunin bayi. Lokacin da Jane,ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'ya'yan Weeden,ta halarci koleji a Tuskegee, Alabama, mahaifiyar ta motsa sauran dangi a can. Maria Weeden kuma ta halarci makarantar guda, Tuskegee Female College a cikin shekarun yaƙi.[1] (Daga baya ta zama sananniya da Kwalejin Huntingdon.) Ta yi rubuce-rubucen wakoki da zane tun lokacin ƙuruciya, kuma a koleji ta yi karatu tare da mai zane William Frye.
Bayan komawa Huntsville, Weeden ta fara fenti katunan, littattafai, katunan abincin dare, da ƙananan kyaututtuka don sayar da su don taimaka wa iyalanta. Wasu launukan ruwa ne na furanni da shimfidar wurare.Ta kuma koyar da darussan fasaha.
Aiki
A cikin 1893 Weeden ta halarci baje kolin Columbian na Duniya a Chicago,inda ta ji takaici da wasu masu fasaha waɗanda ayyukansu da ke nuna ƴan ƴanci da ƴancin mata suka nuna su a cikin salon caricature na wasan minstrel.Ta koma Huntsville ta kuduri aniyar bayyana cikakken mutuntaka da mutuncin 'yantattu. Hotunan nata sun haɗa da hotunan ƴan Afirka da dama da aka 'yanto waɗanda suka yi mata hidima da dangin abokai. Yayin da take zane,ta saurari bayanansu na rayuwarsu da tatsuniyoyi, daga baya kuma ta mayar da wasu daga cikinsu a matsayin waqoqi, waxanda ta rubuta a cikin yaren bakake. [2] Ta kuma zana hoton Saint Bartley Harris,wani fitaccen Fasto Ba'amurke a Huntsville, Alabama.
A cikin 1890s, Joseph Edwin Washington da matarsa Mary Bolling Kemp Washington, wanda ta mallaki Wessyington Plantation a Robertson County, Tennessee,ya umurci Weeden ta yi hotunan bayin su Ba-Amurke da dama, waɗanda suka zauna suna yi musu aiki a matsayin 'yantattu bayan yanci. Waɗannan ayyukan sun kai kusan 5" x7" girman, kuma an kammala wasu a cikin pastels. An ce kusa-kusa da Weeden ta ba da gudummawar ta wajen yin cikakkun hotuna da ke da"ƙananan kamanni." Ana kuma tunanin cewa ta yi aiki daga hotunan batutuwa.[3]
A cikin 1895, Weeden ta baje kolin wasu hotuna na ƴancin Ba-Amurke da ƴantattun mata a Berlin da Paris,inda suka sami karɓuwa sosai. Marubuta Joel Chandler Harris da Thomas Nelson Page sun yaba da zane-zanenta, kuma Harris ta rubuta kalmar farko zuwa littafinta Bandanna Ballads (1899).
Weeden kuma ta rubuta waƙa,kuma ta haɗa duka waƙa da fasaha a cikin littattafanta guda huɗu da aka buga tsakanin 1898 zuwa 1904. Wasu daga cikin wakokinta an rubuta su ne da yaren baƙar fata, wanda a yanzu ake kira African-American English, domin ta sami zurfafa ta da labarai da tatsuniyoyi da al’ummarta suka gaya mata lokacin da suke zaune don ɗaukar hotuna.
Tsakanin 1866 zuwa 1896,Weeden kuma ta ba da gudummawar kasidu da gajerun labarai masu yawa ga Presbyterian Christian Observer,a ƙarƙashin suna"Flake White."An tattara waɗannan kuma an sake buga su a cikin 2005. [4]
Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
Weeden batayi aure ba. Ita da 'yar uwarta Kate ba su yi aure ba duk sun zauna a gidan Weeden tun suna manya. Weeden ta mutu da tarin fuka tna da shekaru 59 a ranar 12 ga Afrilu,1905,a Huntsville. [1] A cikin 1998 an shigar da Weeden bayan mutuwarta a cikin Gidan Mata na Alabama.
Ayyuka
Nassoshi
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