Hepatitis B cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cutar hanta (HBV) wacce ke shafar hanta;[1][2] nau'in ciwon hanta ne.[3] Yana iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani da na yau da kullun.[1] Mutane da yawa ba su da alamun bayyanar cututtuka yayin kamuwa da cutar ta farko.[1] A cikin m kamuwa da cuta, wasu na iya tasowa da sauri na rashin lafiya tare da amai, fata mai launin rawaya, gajiya, duhun fitsari da ciwon ciki.[1] Sau da yawa waɗannan alamun suna ɗaukar makonni kaɗan kuma da wuya kamuwa da cuta ta farko ke haifar da mutuwa.[1][4] Yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki 30 zuwa 180 don fara bayyanar cututtuka.[1] A cikin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a kusa da lokacin haihuwa kashi 90 cikin 100 na kamuwa da cutar hanta na kullum wato Hepatitis B yayin da kasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na wadanda suka kamu da cutar bayan sun kai shekaru biyar suna kamuwa da cutar.[5] Yawancin wadanda ke da cututtuka na yau da kullum ba su da alamun cututtuka; duk da haka, cirrhosis da ciwon hanta na iya tasowa daga ƙarshe.[6] Cirrhosis ko ciwon hanta yana faruwa a cikin kusan kashi 25% na waɗanda ke fama da rashin lafiya.[1]
Ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar jini ko ruwan jiki.[1] Kamuwa da cuta a kusa da lokacin haihuwa ko kuma ta hanyar saduwa da jinin wasu a lokacin ƙuruciya ita ce mafi yawan hanyar da ake samun ciwon hanta a wuraren da cutar ta zama ruwan dare.[1] A wuraren da cutar ba kasafai ba, yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jijiya da jima'i sune hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta da yawa.[1] Sauran abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da yin aiki a fannin kiwon lafiya, ƙarin jini, dialysis, zama tare da wanda ya kamu da cutar, balaguron balaguro a ƙasashen da yawan kamuwa da cutar ya yi yawa, da zama a wata cibiya.[1][5] Tattoo da acupuncture ya haifar da adadi mai yawa a cikin 1980s; duk da haka, wannan ya zama ƙasa da kowa tare da ingantacciyar haifuwa.[7] Ba za a iya yada ƙwayoyin Hepatitis B ta hanyar riƙe hannu, raba kayan abinci, sumbata, runguma, tari, atishawa, ko shayarwa.[5] Ana iya gano cutar kwanaki 30 zuwa 60 bayan bayyanar cututtuka.[1] Yawancin lokaci ana tabbatar da ganewar asali ta hanyar gwada jinin don sassan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta.[1] Yana daya daga cikin manyan ƙwayoyin cutar hanta guda biyar: A, B, C, D, da E.[8]
Hepatitis B
An yi rigakafin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar rigakafi tun 1982.[1][9] Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar yin rigakafin a farkon ranar rayuwa idan zai yiwu.[1] Ana buƙatar ƙarin allurai biyu ko uku a wani lokaci don cikakken tasiri.[1] Wannan maganin yana aiki kusan kashi 95% na lokaci.[1] Kimanin kasashe 180 ne suka ba da rigakafin a matsayin wani bangare na shirye-shiryen kasa tun daga shekara ta 2006.[10] An kuma ba da shawarar cewa a yi gwajin dukkan jini na cutar hanta ta B kafin karin jini, da kuma amfani da kwaroron roba don hana kamuwa da cuta.[1] A lokacin kamuwa da cuta ta farko, kulawa yana dogara ne akan alamun da mutum yake da shi.[1] A cikin wadanda suka kamu da cututtuka na yau da kullum, maganin rigakafi irin su tenofovir ko interferon na iya zama da amfani; duk da haka, waɗannan magungunan suna da tsada.[1] Wani lokaci ana amfani da dashen hanta don cirrhosis.[1]
Kusan kashi uku na mutanen duniya sun kamu da cutar a lokaci guda a rayuwarsu.[1] Akalla mutane miliyan 391, ko kuma kashi 5% na al’ummar duniya, sun kamu da cutar ta HBV mai tsanani a shekarar 2017.[11] Yayin da wasu miliyan 145 suka kamu da cutar ta HBV mai tsanani a shekarar.[11] Sama da mutane 750,000 ke mutuwa daga cutar hanta ta hanta a kowace shekara.[1] Kimanin 300,000 daga cikin waɗannan suna da nasaba da ciwon hanta.[12] Cutar ta fi kamari a yammacin Pacific (6.2%) da Afirka (6.1%) yankuna.[8] A Turai farashin yana da 1.6% kuma a cikin Amurka yana da 0.7%.[1] Tun asali an san shi da "serum hepatitis".[13]
Alamonin kamuwa da cutar
Hepatitis B
kamuwa da cutar hanta NA hepatitis B yana da alaƙa da da sauran cututtukan hanta . rashin lafiya da ke farawa da rashin lafiya gabaɗayan jiki , rashin cin abinci ci, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon jiki, zazzabi mai sauki, da fitsari mai duhu, sannan ze iya ci gaba ya zama jaundice . Ciwon yana ɗaukar makonni kaɗan sannan a hankali yana karuwa a yawancin mutanen da abin ya shafa. Wasu ƴan mutane na iya samun nau'in cutar hanta mai tsanani da aka sani da gazawar hanta. kuma suna iya mutuwa a sakamakon haka. Ciwon yana iya zama gaba ɗaya babu alamu, A wani lokaci kuma yana iya zuwa ma ba a gane shi ba. [14]
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