Xaneiro Negro

Selo con fotos do Xaneiro Negro.

Xaneiro Negro (en azerí: Qara Yanvar), tamén chamada Sábado Negro ou Masacre de Xaneiro é o nome por que é coñecida unha acción do exército soviético para deter a violencia entre armenios e azerís en Bakú, na República Socialista Soviética de Azerbaidján ocorrida a 20 de xaneiro de 1990.

Acontecementos

A violencia inter-étnica que se rexistrou antes da primeira guerra de Nagorno-Karabakh comezou a facer cada vez máis vítimas, obrigando a maioría da poboación azerí residente en Armenia a refuxiarse no seu país, ao mesmo tempo que os armenios residentes no Azerbaidján procedían ao movemento inverso.[1] A escalada do conflito estaba tan fóra de control que os o goberno central de Moscova tomou control directo da rexión en xaneiro de 1989, unha medida que foi recibida con agrado por moitos armenios.[2] No verán dese ano, os líderes de Fronte Popular de Azerbaidján e os seus partidarios conseguiron que a RSS de Azerbaidján iniciase un bloqueo aéreo e ferroviario contra a Armenia, o que estrangulou a economía do país, xa que o 85% da carga e dos bens que chegaban ao país viñan por vía férrea, ademais de illar a República Autónoma de Nakhichevan totalmente do resto da Unión Soviética.[1] A interrupción do servizo ferroviario á Armenia foi motivado en parte polos ataques de militantes deste país contra traballadores azerís que entraban no seu territorio, tendo estes comezaran a rexeitar-se a cumprir estes servizos.[3]

En xaneiro de 1990 ocorreu un pogrom contra armenios en Bakú, o que forzou o goberno de Mikhail Gorbachev a declarar o estado de urxencia e a enviar as tropas do Ministerio do Interior (Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del coñecido por MVD) para restablecer a orde. Foi establecido o toque a recoller (cousa nunca vista na URSS desde a segunda guerra mundial) e ocorrían frecuentemente combates violentos entre as forzas soviéticas e membros da Fronte Popular de Azerbaidján, estes incidentes deixaron como saldo máis de 120 azerís e 8 soldados do MVD mortos en Bakú.[4] Con todo, durante este período o Partido Comunista de Azerbaidján caera, sendo a orde de envío das tropas do MVD máis para manter o partido no poder que para protexer a poboación armenia do país.[5] Estes eventos, coñecidos como "Xaneiro Negro" determinaron a relación futura entre o Azerbaidján e Rusia.

Notas

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 (en inglés) Croissant, Michael P. The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Causes and Implications. Londres: Praeger, 1998. ISBN 0-275-96241-5
  2. ↑ (en inglés) de Waal, Thomas. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. Nova York: New York University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8147-1945-7
  3. ↑ (en inglés) Kaufman, Stuart. Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War. New York: Cornell Studies in Security Affairs, 2001. 49–66 p. ISBN 0-8014-8736-6
  4. ↑ (en inglés) Smolowe, Jill (29 de xaneiro de 1990). "The Killing Zone". TIME. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 09 de setembro de 2005. Consultado o 2006-02-25. 
  5. ↑ (en inglés) Abu-Hamad, Aziz, et al. Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights Human Rights Watch.

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