Sumba

Modelo:Xeografía físicaSumba
Imaxe
Tipoilla Editar o valor en Wikidata
Parte deIllas menores da Sonda Editar o valor en Wikidata
Situado na entidade xeográficaIllas menores da Sonda Editar o valor en Wikidata
Localización
ContinenteAsia Editar o valor en Wikidata
División administrativaSonda Oriental, Indonesia (pt) Traducir Editar o valor en Wikidata
lang=gl Editar o valor en Wikidata Mapa
 9°40′S 120°00′L / -9.67, 120
Bañado porOcéano Índico Editar o valor en Wikidata
Características
Altitude604 m Editar o valor en Wikidata
Superficie10.711 km² Editar o valor en Wikidata
As illas da provincia de Nusa Tenggara Oriental

Sumba (indonesio: Pulau Sumba) é unha illa indonesia pertencente á provincia de Nusa Tenggara Oriental. Cunha extensión de 11.153 km², posúe unha poboación de 656.259 habitantes (Censo 2010).

A principal localidade da illa é Waingapu, cunha poboación duns 10.700 habitantes, próxima ao aeroporto. Os insulares son de orixe malaio e melanesio; aínda que moitos practican a tradicional relixión Malapu ou Malafu, outros son cristiáns (calvinistas e católicos) e algúns musulmáns sunnitas.

Como o resto de illas que forman as Illas da Sonda, Sumba pertence ao área da Liña de Wallace (Wallacea), de grande interese científico pola súa rica biodiversidade, ao ser illas situadas entre o Sueste asiático e Oceanía.

Historia

Antes da colonización polos europeos occidentais no ano 1500, Sumba estaba habitada por pobos melanesios e austronesios. En 1522, grazas aos portugueses, chegaron os primeiros barcos de Europa. En 1866 Sumba pasou ao dominio das Indias Orientais Neerlandesas, aínda que a illa non estivo baixo administración real ata o século XX. Os xesuítas abriron unha misión en Laura, West Sumba en 1866.[1]

Coñecida outrora como a Illa da Madeira, Sumba é mundialmente coñecida polos seus pequenos cabalos e o seu excelente pano de Ikat. Historicamente, esta illa exportou sándalo e coñecíase como a illa do sándalo,[2] ou Illa Sandel.

A pesar do contacto coas culturas occidentais, Sumba é un dos poucos lugares no mundo onde a sepultura megalítica é utilizada como unha "tradición viva" para individuos preminentes cando morren. O enterro en megálitos é unha práctica que se usou en moitas partes do mundo durante o Neolítico e a Idade de Bronce. Sobreviviu ata hoxe en Sumba e levantou o interese dos eruditos.[3] En Anakalang, por exemplo, desenterráronse aixolas cuadrangulares.[4] O oeste da illa conta con tumbas en grandes pedras (megálitos) e as súas chozas con teitos de palla. Os funerais inclúen aquí o sacrificio de numerosos porcos, búfalos, cans e cabalos. Outras cerimonias son o Pajura ou Pasola, combate tradicional de xinetes enfrontados con lanzas que buscan sangrar ao adversario,[5] así como os festivais do aninovo lunar en outubro e novembro, con carreiras e danzas rituais.

O 19 de agosto de 1977, sacudiuna un terremoto de 7.0 graos na escala da magnitude de Richter e causou un tsunami.[6] 316 persoas morreron na illa e nas illas da costa oeste.

Notas

  1. Barker, Joshua (1 de xullo de 2009). State of Authority: The State in Society in Indonesia. SEAP Publications. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-87727-780-4. Consultado o 2 de febreiro de 2013. 
  2. Goodall, George (editor) (1943) Philips' International Atlas, London, George Philip and Son map 'East Indies' pp.91-92
  3. Richter, Anne; Carpenter, Bruce W.; Carpenter, Bruce; Sundermann, Jorg (16 de maio de 2012). Gold Jewellery of the Indonesian Archipelago. Editions Didier Millet. p. 119. ISBN 978-981-4260-38-1. Consultado o 2 de febreiro de 2013. 
  4. Simanjuntak, Truman (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 288. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1. Consultado o 2 de febreiro de 2013. 
  5. Müller, Kal (1997). East of Bali: From Lombok to Timor. Tuttle Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-962-593-178-4. Consultado o 2 de febreiro de 2013. 
  6. Hall, Robert; Cottam, Michael A.; Wilson, M. E. J. (15 de xullo de 2011). The SE Asian Gateway: History and Tectonics of the Australia-Asia Collision. Geological Society. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-86239-329-5. Consultado o 2 de febreiros de 2013. 

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