Sulfátido

Estrutura química dun sulfátido.

Os sulfátidos son un tipo de galactosilceramidas sulfatadas sintetizadas principalmente nos oligodendrocitos do sistema nervioso central. Os sulfátidos son un tipo de sulfolípidos.[1][2] Pénsase que os sulfátidos xogan un importante papel no funcionamento e estabilidade da mielina, como se pon en evidencia polo feito de que os ratos que carecen do encima necesario para producir sulfátidos durante a formación da vaíña de mielina teñen vaíñas de mielina máis delgadas, e sofren de parálises progresivas das extremidades posteriores como resultado da desmielinización da súa medula espiñal inferior.[3]

Importancia clínica

As sulfatidoses como a leucodistrofia metacromática son enfermidades de almacenamento lisosómicas caracterizadas pola acumulación de sulfátidos debido á incapacidade de degradalos nos lisosomas.[4]

Detéctanse alteracións no metabolismo dos sulfátidos, e no seu transporte e homeostase nos estadios iniciais clinicamente recoñecibles da enfermidade de Alzheimer.[5]

Varios estudos demostraron unha relación entre a vitamina K e os sufátidos. Despois de administrar warfarina a ratos para diminuír os seus niveis de sulfátidos cerebrais, a administración de vitamina K pode facer que se recuperen ditos niveis ao normal.[6][7]

Notas

  1. ↑ Michael A Lieberman, Rick Ricer (2009). Lippincott's Illustrated Q&A Review of Biochemistry (1 Pap/Psc ed ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 1-60547-302-2. 
  2. ↑ Huang JQ, Trasler JM, Igdoura S, Michaud J, Hanal N, Gravel RA (1997). "Apoptotic cell death in mouse models of GM2 gangliosidosis and observations on human Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases". Human Molecular Genetics 6 (11): 1879–85. PMID 9302266. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.11.1879. 
  3. ↑ Coetzee, T.; Fujita, N.; Dupree, J.; Shi, R.; Blight, A.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, K.; Popko, B. (1996). "Myelination in the Absence of Galactocerebroside and Sulfatide: Normal Structure with Abnormal Function and Regional Instability". Cell 86 (2): 209–219. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80093-8. PMID 8706126.
  4. ↑ Whitfield, P. D.; Sharp, P. C.; Johnson, D. W.; Nelson, P.; Meikle, P. J. (2001). "Characterization of Urinary Sulfatides in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Using Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 73 (1): 30–37. doi:10.1006/mgme.2001.3165. PMID 11350180.
  5. ↑ Han X, M Holtzman D, McKeel DW Jr, Kelley J, Morris JC. Substantial sulfatide deficiency and ceramide elevation in very early Alzheimer's disease: potential role in disease pathogenesis. J Neurochem. 2002 Aug;82(4):809-18. PMID 12358786.
  6. ↑ Sundaram, K. S.; Lev, M. (1990). "Regulation of sulfotransferase activity by vitamin K in mouse brain". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 277 (1): 109–113. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(90)90557-F. PMID 1968327.
  7. ↑ Shearer, M. J.; Newman, P. (2008). "Metabolism and cell biology of vitamin K". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. PMID 18841274. doi:10.1160/TH08-03-0147. (require subscrición (?)). 

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