Subxéneros da ciencia ficción

Habitualmente, as historias de ciencia ficción mesturan varios xéneros, tendo historias de terror, suspenso, aventuras, románticas e pseudohistóricas.

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Temas

  • Futuros ou alternativas temporais (diacronías), centrándose habitualmente no desenvolvemento científico ou social.
  • Posibles inventos ou descubrimentos científicos e técnicos.
  • Contacto con extraterrestres (intelixentes ou non) e as súas consecuencias.
  • Diferenciación do ser humano a partir da comparación con robots, extraterrestres e outros seres intelixentes (ou non).

Elementos

Estilos

Achegas da ciencia ficción á ciencia

De igual xeito que a ciencia ficción tomou moitos dos seus argumentos e elementos de ambientación de conceptos ou creacións da Ciencia, esta tomou en ocasións elementos da literatura de CF para convertelos en conceptos reais ou hipóteses de traballo de face ao futuro científico ou tecnolóxico.

Os casos máis coñecidos desta transferencia son os do termo robot empregado por primeira vez polo escritor checo Karel Capek na súa obra R.U.R. (Robots Universais de Rossum), o termo derivado robótica, creado nas novelas de robots de Isaac Asimov ou o ascensor espacial imaxinado independentemente por Arthur C. Clarke e Charles Sheffield.

Outros conceptos, aínda que creados por eminentes científicos, foron profusamente desenvolvidos pola ciencia ficción antes ata de ser tidos en conta pola ciencia. Son exemplos diso a utilización de antimateria, os buracos de verme ou a nanotecnoloxía.

Algúns conceptos tiveron unha notable influencia, a pesar non ser na actualidade máis que meras invencións da imaxinación. Por exemplo a psicohistoria influíu na forma de ver a socioloxía desde un punto de vista matemático.

Finalmente, algunhas invencións da ciencia ficción inspiraron algunha das liñas de investigación actual, como a comunicación instantánea (ansible, taquións).

Terminoloxía

Dentro da ciencia ficción a terminoloxía, a xerga fanta-científica, palabras comúns para os lectores asiduos do xénero, pero non para os novos lectores, é pan de cada día.

Con todo, non están creadas como unha forma de linguaxe identificativo, senón que a maior parte das veces son ideas e conceptos interesantes que se converteron en dominio público, dentro do xénero e ata fose del, no mundo da ciencia.

Estes termos son moi usados dentro dos relatos e novelas de ciencia ficción. Como exemplo temos ao Hiperespazo, que é unha especie de «espazo alternativo» polo que se pode viaxar dun punto a outro; as Sociedades ou Mentes Colmea, que son intelixencias gestalt compostas pola mente de moitos seres e non só dun etcétera.

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