Resto (química)

O acetato de bencilo ten un grupo funcional éster (en vermello), un grupo funcional acetilo (cun círculo en verde escuro) e un grupo benciloxi (cun círculo en laranxa clara). Pódense facer outras divisións.

En química orgánica, un resto é unha parte dunha molécula[1] que normalmente recibe un nome, xa que tamén se pode atopar dentro doutros tipos de moléculas.

Termo

En inglés emprégase o termo moiety, que ten tamén acepcións en socioloxía e xenética (véxase moiety), en portugués úsase meação[2] e en castelán resto, parte ou mediación.[3][4]

O termo "resto" debería reservarse para describir as partes características máis grandes das moléculas e non usar para describir grupos funcionais máis pequenos,[1] que están formados por átomos que participan en reaccións químicas similares na maioría das moléculas que os conteñen. Nalgúns casos, os residuos poden estar compostos por residuos e grupos funcionais aínda máis pequenos.

Os residuos que constitúen ramificacións que se estenden desde a columna vertebral dunha molécula de hidrocarburo, que a miúdo poden romperse e substituírse por outras, chámanse substituíntes ou cadeas laterais.

Resto activo

En farmacoloxía, un resto activo é a parte dunha molécula ou ión, excluíndo as porcións inactivas adxuntas, que é responsábel da acción fisiolóxica ou farmacolóxica dunha substancia farmacéutica. As partes inactivas adxuntas da substancia farmacéutica poden incluír o resto alcohol ou ácido dun éster, un sal (incluíndo un coordinador ou sal unido a hidróxeno) ou outro derivado non covalente (como un complexo, quelato ou clatrato).[5] [6] O fármaco proxenitor pode ser en si un profármaco inactivo e só despois de que o resto activo se libera do proxenitor en forma libre se fai activo.

Véxase tamén

Notas

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety". Consultado o 2017-04-22. 
  2. ↑ D, K. "Módulo de Química - 9ª Classe [www.escolademoz.com]". Passei Direto (en portugués). Consultado o 2023-03-12. 
  3. ↑ "Resto (química) _ AcademiaLab". academia-lab.com. Consultado o 2023-03-12. 
  4. ↑ Román Carrasco, Patricia; Hemmer, Wolfgang; Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro; Hodžić, Adnan; Fuente, José de la; Swoboda, Ines (2021-12-16). "The α-Gal Syndrome and Potential Mechanisms" (en inglés). doi:10.3389/falgy.2021.783279. 
  5. ↑ "CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21". United States Food and Drug Administration. 2018-04-01. Consultado o 2019-02-15. 
  6. ↑ "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Food and Drugs § 314.3". United States Government Publishing Office. 2019-01-22. Consultado o 2019-02-15. Active moiety is the molecule or ion, excluding those appended portions of the molecule that cause the drug to be an ester, salt (including a salt with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex, chelate, or clathrate) of the molecule, responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of the drug substance. 

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Este artigo tan só é un bosquexo
 Este artigo sobre química é, polo de agora, só un bosquexo. Traballa nel para axudar a contribuír a que a Galipedia mellore e medre.
 Existen igualmente outros artigos relacionados con este tema nos que tamén podes contribuír.

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