Nécora

Nécora
Necora puber
Clasificación científica
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Arthropoda
Subfilo: Crustacea
Orde: Decapoda
Suborde: Pleocyemata
Infraorde: Brachyura
Superfamilia: Portunoidea
Familia: Portunidae
Xénero: Necora
Especie: N. puber
Nome binomial
Necora puber
(Linnaeus, 1767)
Sinonimia
  • Liocarcinus puber (Ingle, 1980)
  • Macropipus puber (Christiansen, 1969)
  • Portunus puber (Leach, 1814)
  • Cancer velutinus (Pennant, 1777)
  • Cancer puber (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Polybius puber (Linnaeus, 1767)

A nécora[1] (Necora puber) coñecida tamén como navalleira (no sur de Galicia)[1][2], andarica (na costa norte de Galicia, e en Asturias)[1][2][3] ou nocra[4], Necora puber, é un crustáceo decápodo braquiúro da familia dos portúnidos (Portunidae) moi apreciado gastronomicamente e que se dá en relativa cantidade nas rías galegas. O xénero foi descrito por N. B. Holtius en 1987.[5]

Características

As principais características da nécora son as seguintes:[6]

  • Casca (cacho) case oval, máis ancha que longa e algo aplanada, moi pubescente [7]
  • Rexión frontal con aproximadamente 10 dentes, dispostos irregularmente, sendo os dous centrais en xeral máis anchos que os demais.
  • Os ollos son vermellos.
  • Quelípodos (primeiro par de pata, rematados en pinzas) semellantes, robustos e pubescentes.
  • Segundo a quinto par de pereiópodos (patas marchadoras) robustos; as do quinto par, aplanadas e prolongadas por pelos máis longos, adaptadas á natación.
  • Abdome do macho cos segmentos terceiro a quinto fusionados, libres na femia.
  • Cor parda avermellada, con manchas azuladas e vermellas nas patas.
  • Nos exemplares capturados en Galicia, o ancho da casca chega até os 10,2 cm nos machos e aos 9 cm nas femias.

Hábitat e bioloxía

Habita nas costas, principalmente en zonas con fondos rochosos e nos polígonos de bateas mexilloeiras (que teñen, en xeral, os fondos moi transformados e con abundancia de lama), desde o litoral até os 70 m de profundidade. os individuos xuvenís abundan en zonas de area a pouca profundidade, mesmo na zona intermareal.[6]

Aliméntase de algas pardas, pequenos crustáceos e peixes mortos. Ás veces chegan a devorar outras nécoras.

Distribución

Atlántico oriental, desde a costa oeste de Noruega até o Sáhara (incluíndo o Mediterráneo e o mar Negro).[6]

En Galicia

É unha especie abundante en toda Galicia, onde se captura principalmente con nasas e tamén con artes de arrastre.[6]

En Galicia, ademais das que se pescan na costa, véndense tamén outras procedentes de Inglaterra, a Bretaña e Irlanda. As que se apañan en Galicia distínguense, segundo algúns,[quen?] pola cor do cacho e a súa textura, que é suave, sendo as de fóra máis lisas e cun veludo máis fino que o das galegas.

A veda en Galicia adoita coincidir cos seis primeiros meses do ano.[8]

Usos: Gastronomía

O principal uso da nécora é gastronómico. Adoita prepararse simplemente cocida en auga con sal nas zonas costeiras do Atlántico nororiental, Galicia (onde á auga para cocelas adoita engadirse unha folla de loureiro), Asturias, Cantabria, País Vasco, así como na parte occidental de Francia, e en Irlanda e Inglaterra.

"Non sei se saben que a Picadillo esquecéronselle as nécoras. Salvo nque as metera onde dí: «Cangrejos: tanto los cangrejos de mar como de río son de escasa importancia. No se comen más que cocidos, y generalmente se sirven como entremés». A verdade é que hai as nécoras e que son un dos froitos máis sabrosos do mar. Unha boa nécora femia, de febreiro ou abril, ben chea, cos seus coráis, é do millor do millor"

Galería de imaxes

Notas

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Definicións no Dicionario da Real Academia Galega e no Portal das Palabras para nécora.
  2. 2,0 2,1 Ríos Panisse, M. C. (1977), p. 46.
  3. Dicionario de dicionarios
  4. VV.AA. (2000). Gran Dicionario Xerais da Lingua. Vigo: Xerais. p. 1371. 
  5. Holthuis, N. B. (1987): "Necora, a new genus of european swimming crabs (Crustacea Decapoda, Portunidae) and its type species, Cancer puber L., 1767." Zool. Med. Leiden, vol. 61, nº 1, pp.1-14 (texto orixinal).
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 González Gurriarán e Méndez (1985), p.81.
  7. Ao que alude o seu nome específico, puber, do latín pūbēr, -ēris, "viril" —no sentido de "non neno"—, relacionado con pūbens, -entis, "cuberto de pelo", que lle deu Linneo.
  8. "La nécora entra en veda en Galicia tras cerrar uno de los peores años de la década" Diario Faro de Vigo, 5/01/2012.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

  • Cunqueiro, Álvaro (1973): A cociña galega. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia. ISBN 84-7154-181-5.
  • González Gurriarán, Eduardo e Matilde Méndez G. (1985): Crustáceos decápodos das costas de Galicia. I. Brachyura. Publicacións do Seminario de Estudos Galegos. Sada (A Coruña): Ediciós do Castro. ISBN 84-7492-242-9.
  • Ramonell, Rosa (1985): Guía dos mariscos de Galicia. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia. ISBN 84-7154-506-3.
  • Ríos Panisse, Mª C. (1977): Nomenclatura de la flora y la fauna marítimas de Galicia. I. Invertebrados y peces. Verba, Anejo 7. Santiago de Compostela: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. ISBN 84-7191-008-X.
  • Sueiro, Jorge-Víctor (1981): Manual del marisco. (Prólogo: Domingo García Sabell. Epílogo: Luis Caparrós). Madrid: Penthalon Ediciones. ISBN 84-85337-49-2.
  • Sueiro, Jorge-Víctor (1981): Comer en Galicia. (Prólogo: Álvaro Cunqueiro). Madrid: Penthalon Ediciones. ISBN 84-85337-32-8.

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