Glándulas uterinas

Sección vertical da membrana mucosa do útero humano. As glándulas uterinas están sinaladas no centro á dereita.
Sección diagramática a través dun blastocisto implantado no endometrio mostrando as glándulas uterinas (ug).

As glándulas uterinas ou glándulas endometriais son glándulas tubulares tapizadas por un epitelio columnas simple, que se encontran na capa funcional do recubrimento interno do útero, o endometrio. O seu aspecto varía durante o ciclo menstrual. Durante a fase proliferativa as glándulas uterinas son longas debido á sereción de estróxeno polos ovarios. Durante a fase secretora, as glándulas uterinas fanse moi retortas con amplos lumes e producen unha secreción rica en glicóxeno chamada leite uterino ou histótrofo.[1][2] Este cambio corresponde cun incremento do fluxo sanguíneo nas arterias espirais do útero debido a un aumento da secreción de proxesterona polo corpo lúteo. Durante a fase premenstrual a secreción de proxesterona decrece a medida que dexenera o corpo lúteo, o cal ten como resultado unha diminución do fluxo sanguíneo nas arterias espirais. A capa funcional do útero que contén as glándulas vólvese necrótica e finalmente despréndese durante a fase menstrual do ciclo.

No útero non xestante son glándulas de pequeno tamaño, pero pouco despois do embarazo fanse máis grandes e alongadas, presentando un aspecto contorto ou ondulado.

Función

Interface matero-fetal que mostra o leite uterino.

As hormonas producidas no embarazo inicial estimulan as glándulas uterinas a segregar varias substancias que dan nutrición e protección ao embrión e feto, e ás membranas fetais.[1] Estas secrecións coñécense como histiótrofo, histótrofo ou leite uterino.[1][2] Proteínas importantes do leite uterino son a glicodelina-A e a osteopontina.[1]

Algúns compoñentres secretores das glándulas uterinas son captados polo saco vitelino secundario que tapiza a cavidade exocelómica durante o embarazo e poden así axudar a fornecer nutrición ao feto.[3]

Galería

Notas

Dominio público Este artigo incorpora texto en dominio público da P1343 da 20ª edición de Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Burton, GJ; Cindrova-Davies, T; Turco, MY (decembro de 2020). "Review: Histotrophic nutrition and the placental-endometrial dialogue during human early pregnancy.". Placenta 102: 21–26. PMID 33218574. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.008. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Kelleher, AM; DeMayo, FJ; Spencer, TE (1 de outubro de 2019). "Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy.". Endocrine Reviews 40 (5): 1424–1445. PMC 6749889. PMID 31074826. doi:10.1210/er.2018-00281. 
  3. ↑ Burton GJ, Watson AL, Hempstock J, Skepper JN, Jauniaux E (xuño de 2002). "Uterine glands provide histiotrophic nutrition for the human fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (6): 2954–9. PMID 12050279. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.6.8563. 

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