Cromistas

Cromistas
Clasificación científica
Reino: Protista
(sen clasif.) Chromista
Filos

Heterokonta
Haptophyta
Cryptomonada

Os cromistas ou Chromista son un supergrupo de organismos eucarióticos probablemente polifilético,[1][2] que poden ser incluídos no reino Protista ou nun reino propio. Comprenden todas as algas que presenten cloroplastos que conteñan clorofilas a e c, xunto con varias formas non pigmentadas que están estreitamente relacionadas coas anteriores. Estes plastos están rodeados por catro membranas, e crese que os adquiriron de algas vermellas.

O nome cromista fai referencia a que son organismos coloreados na súa maioría. O grupo inclúe tanto algas unicelulares coma pluricelulares. A posesión da clorofila c diferénciaas das plantas e outras algas, as cales non teñen esta clorofila. Pero tamén hai cromistas incoloros e non fotosintéticos.

Grupos

O grupo Chromista foi definido de diferentes maneiras a medida que se sucedían as clasificacións.

Unha das descricións máis usadas divídeos en tres grupos:[3]

En 2010, Thomas Cavalier-Smith pasou na súa clasificación os Alveolata, Rhizaria e Heliozoa ao grupo dos Chromista.[4]

Historia

O nome Chromista foi introducido por Cavalier-Smith en 1981;[5] e os nomes anteriores cromófita e cromobionte correspóndense aproximadamente ao mesmo grupo. As árbores moleculares non serviron para resolver completamente as relacións entre os diferentes grupos de cromistas. Os tres grupos poden compartir un antecesor común cos Alveolata (ver Chromalveolata), pero hai probas que suxiren que as haptófitas e criptomónadas non están relacionadas coas heterocontas.[1][6]

Notas

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Laura Wegener Parfrey, Erika Barbero, Elyse Lasser, Micah Dunthorn, Debashish Bhattacharya, David J Patterson, and Laura A Katz (2006 December). "Evaluating Support for the Current Classification of Eukaryotic Diversity". PLoS Genet. 2 (12): e220. PMC 1713255. PMID 17194223. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220. 
  2. ↑ Cavalier-Smith T, Allsopp MT, Chao EE (1994). "Chimeric conundra: are nucleomorphs and chromists monophyletic or polyphyletic?". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (24): 11368–72. PMC 45232. PMID 7972066. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.24.11368. 
  3. ↑ Csurös M, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV (2008). "Extremely intron-rich genes in the alveolate ancestors inferred with a flexible maximum-likelihood approach". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (5): 903–11. PMID 18296415. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn039. 
  4. ↑ Cavalier-Smith T (2010). "Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree". Biol. Lett. 6 (3): 342–5. PMC 2880060. PMID 20031978. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948. 
  5. ↑ T. Cavalier-Smith (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?". Biosystems 14 (3–4): 461–481. PMID 7337818. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. 
  6. ↑ Burki F, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, Minge M; et al. (2007). Butler, Geraldine, ed. "Phylogenomics Reshuffles the Eukaryotic Supergroups". PLoS ONE 2 (8): e790. PMC 1949142. PMID 17726520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790. 

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