Batalla da ponte de Stirling


Batalla da ponte de Stirling
Parte de Primeira Guerra de Independencia de Escocia

A ponte de Stirling co monumento a Abbey Craig e Wallace
Data 11 de setembro de 1297
Lugar Stirling, Escocia
Resultado Vitoria decisiva de Escocia
Belixerantes
Reino de Escocia Reino de Inglaterra
Líderes
William Wallace
Andrew de Moray† 		John de Warenne, VII conde de Surrey
Hugh de Cressingham†
Forzas en combate
2 300 homes
  • ~300 cabaleiros
  • ~2 000 de infantaría
 9 000 – 13 000 homes
  • ~1 000 – 3 000 cabaleiros
  • ~8 000 – 10 000 de infantaría
Baixas
Descoñecidas 100 cabaleiros mortos[1]

5 000 de infantaría mortos[1]

A Batalla da ponte de Stirling foi un dos enfrontamentos máis importantes da Primeira Guerra de Independencia de Escocia, entre escoceses e ingleses. O 11 de setembro de 1297, as forzas de Andrew de Moray e William Wallace derrotaron ós ingleses comandados por John de Warenne, VII conde de Surrey e Hugh de Cressingham, en superioridade numérica.

Antecedentes

Aínda que Escocia foi invadida polo exército inglés en 1296 na Batalla de Dunbar, o país foi sorprendido máis que esmagado. Na primavera de 1297, as primeiras faíscas de rebelión fixéronse notar con William Wallace á fronte dela. Os seus esforzos no sur por animar á poboación a tomar as armas foron imitados por Andrew de Moray no norte. Algúns dos nobres escoceses tamén tomaron as armas, pero a maior parte, debido á desunión política, acataron as condicións de non agresión dos ingleses.

Os escoceses ían gañando terreo ós ingleses en diferentes enfrontamentos que converteron a Wallace e a Moray en comandantes do exército do Reino de Escocia e dos terreos comunitarios. Mentres tanto, a totalidade das tropas inglesas atopábase na guerra que Eduardo I libraba en Francia.

Coa maioría do norte de Escocia en mans dos rebeldes, John de Warenne, que controlaba aquela zona despois da invasión, tivo que fuxir polo perigo que se achegaba. Uniuse a Hugh de Cressingham o tesoureiro, e xuntos formaron un exército de infantaría e cabalería, chegando a Stirling a comezos de setembro. Wallace e Moray chegaron dende o sur para reunirse con eles, e tomaron unha posición a carón da abadía de Cambuskenneth, moi preto do río Forth. Este río cruzaba o Castelo de Stirling, que era de importancia vital para Escocia. A ponte de Stirling servía como vía entre o norte e o sur do país. En vista do que sucedeu en Dunbar no ano anterior, onde os cabaleiros ingleses esnaquizaron ó exército escocés en campo aberto, Wallace propuxo que o seu exército, principalmente infantaría, agardase a unha beira do río para que o exército inglés tivese que pasar pola ponte para chegar ata eles. Os escoceses estaban en absoluta inferioridade numérica.

Notas

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Cowan, Edward J., The Wallace Book, 2007, John Donald, ISBN 0-85976-652-7, ISBN 978-0-85976-652-4, p. 69

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