Alcarria de Alcalá

Mapa da Comunidade de Villa e Tierra de Alcalá de Henares, coas súas dúas subcomarcas, Alcarria (en azul) e Campiña (en verde), máis o resto de municipios pertencentes á Diocese (laranxa).
Centro de Interpretación da Alcarria madrileña en Olmeda de las Fuentes

Alcarria de Alcalá, Alcarria Alcalaína ou Alcarria Complutense é a denominación dada á zona de La Alcarria situada ao sur de Alcalá de Henares, na Comunidade de Madrid. A Alcarria é unha comarca histórica e natural que esténdese principalmente pola provincia de Guadalaxara, aínda que tamén polas de Cuenca e Madrid. Algunhas publicacións engloban a Alcarria alcalaína dentro dunha mal chamada Alcarria de Madrid, denominación arbitraria que nunca foi utilizada nin histórica nin popularmente, mentres que si atópase aceptado e estendido o topónimo Alcarria de Chinchón como a área alcarreña ao sur do Tajuña. De maneira que os límites da Alcarria de Alcalá son o río Henares ao norte, lindando coa Campiña de Alcalá; o límite da provincia de Guadalaxara ao leste, que sepárao da Alcarria de Guadalaxara; o río Tajuña ao sur, facendo de fronteira coa Alcarria de Chinchón; e o río Jarama e o límite da histórica Tierra de Alcalá ao oeste.

Xeografía

Orografía

Do mesmo xeito que o resto da Alcarria, caracterízase polo seu relevo montaraz, vallejos profundos e páramos calizos que superan os 900 metros.[1]

Edafoloxía

A natureza dos chans da Alcarria é de tipo básico, sendo dominantes os xesos, as margas, as calcarias de páramo e as arxilas.[1]

Hidrografía

Atravésana arroios como o de Arroyo de Pantueña ou o de Arroyo Anchuelo. Ao norte está delimitada polo río Henares que sepáraa de Campiña del Henares, ao oeste limita co río Jarama e ao sur co río Tajuña.

Flora

Cultivo do oliveira no páramo alcarreño próximo a Chinchón

A vexetación é de tipo mediterráneo, sendo dominante e potencial os bosques de encinar basófilo manchego (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) e de carballo carba (Quercus faginea subsp. faginea). Aínda así, recentes repoboacións con piñeiro carrasca (Pinus halepensis) constitúen parte da nova e extensa cobertura forestal.[1]

O cortexo arbustivo destes bosques está acompañado por arbolillos como Rhus coriaria (zumaque), Quercus coccifera (coscoja ou carrasca), Acer monspessulanum (enguelgue), Colutea arborescens (espantalobos) ou Rhamnus alaternus (aladierna). As etapas de degradación do monte veñen representadas por familias como as labiadas, de forma que abundan os tomillares e romerales.

Economía local e paisaxe

O cultivo tradicional é aterrazado nas fortes pendentes, con oliveira, almendro e vide, acompañados no páramo polo cultivo do cereal.

A gandería está representada polas cabanas ovina (razas manchega e alcarreña) e caprina.

Concellos integrantes

Extensión aproximada de La Alcarria, entre as provincias de Madrid, Guadalaxara e Cuenca.

Os 24 concellos que conforman a Alcarria de Alcalá son: Ambite, Anchuelo, Arganda del Rey, Campo Real, Carabaña, Corpa, Loeches, Los Santos de la Humosa, Mejorada del Campo, Nuevo Baztán, Olmeda de las Fuentes, Orusco de Tajuña, Perales de Tajuña, Pezuela de las Torres, Pozuelo del Rey, Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Santorcaz, Tielmes, Torres de la Alameda, Valdilecha, Valverde de Alcalá, Velilla de San Antonio, Villalbilla e Villar del Olmo.

Véxase tamén

Referencias

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Diputación de Guadalajara. "Medio Físico" (en castelán). 

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