Na hAstacaigh

Bosca Sonraí Grúpa DaonnaNa hAstacaigh
Cineálsibhialtacht, grúpa eitneach stairiúil agus cultúr
Baile1200 Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
An deireadh1521 Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Uasmhéid na gcríoch a bhí faoi dhlínse na nAstacach

Ba iad na hAstacaigh an tsibhialtacht agus grúpa eitneach a bhí i seilbh Mheicsiceo, nó na gcríoch a dtugtar Meicsiceo orthu inniu, ón 14ú go 16ú haois, tréimhse a thugtar 'an Tréimhse iar-Chlasaiceach' i gcroineolaíocht Mhéisimheiriceá. Ba í an teanga ba mhó a bhíodh á labhairt acu ná Nahuatl.

Téarmaíocht

Maidir leis an bhfocal féin Astacach, is é is bunús leis ná aztecatl, uimhir iolra azteca, agus is gnách é a chiallú mar “dhuine ó Aztlan”. B'éard a bhí i gceist le hAztlan ná an dúiche mhiotasach ónar tháinig lucht labhartha na teanga Nahuatl go Meicsiceo agus go Lár Mheiriceá. Glac na Mexica — an treibh a bhunaigh cathair Tenochtitlan, áit a bhfuil Cathair Mheicsiceo (Ciudad de México) inniu - an t-ainm sin chucu féin. Uaireanta, cuimsíonn an téarma Astacach freisin áitritheoirí ón dhá phríomhchathair a bhí i gcomhghuaillíocht leis na Tenochtitlain, na hAcolhua ó Texcoco agus na Tepaneca ó Tlacopan, a bhunaigh mar aon leis na Mexica Trípháirtíocht na nAstacach nó “Impireacht na nAstacach”. Ó bhí an teanga chéanna á labhairt ag an trí threibh seo gan aon trácht a dhéanamh ar na comhchosúlachtaí cultúrtha, is féidir “Astacaigh” a ghairm díobh go léir.

Léigear Tenochtitlan agus Hernan Cortés (ealaíontóir Michel Wal)

Stair

Ón tríú haois déag AD i leith ba é Gleann Mheicsiceo croí na sibhialtachta Astacaí. Chuaigh cumhacht na hImpireachta Astacaí i bhfad thar an ngleann, nó bhí na hAstacaigh ag forghabháil cathairstát i ndiaidh a chéile i Lár Mheiriceá agus ag cur de dhualgas ar mhuintir na stát seo dúchíos a íoc le Tenochtitlan. I mbarr a maitheasa bhain an tsibhialtacht seo amach dearscnaitheacht i saibhreas na hailtireachta, na n-ealaíon agus na dtraidisiún reiligiúnach. Sa bhliain 1521 áfach d'ionsaigh Hernán Cortés, an conquistador Spáinneach, an impireacht, agus d'éirigh leis rí (nó tlatoani) na nAstacach, Moctezuma a Dó, a chloí le lámh láidir. Fuair Cortés a lán comhghuaillithe as measc na dtreibheacha a bhí ag íoc cánach leis an tlatoani, nó bhí siad tinn tuirseach den dúchíos agus den dóigh a mbíodh na hAstacaigh ag íobairt daoine ó na treibheacha seo dá gcuid déithe. Bhí na híobairtí seo an-choitianta i gcultúr na nAstacach.

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