Grytman

In grytman (letterlik: 'hy dy't groetet') wie rjochter en bestjoerder fan in gritenij yn de provinsje Fryslân en yn it Westerkertier fan de provinsje Grinslân.

Oarsprong

Troch de greven wie de funksje fan skelta (skout) yntrodusearre. Doe healwei de 12e iuw yn Fryslân it greeflik gesach begûn ôf te takeljen en stadich oan it tiidrek fan de Fryske frijheid ûntstie ferdwûn ek de skelta út Fryslân. Dêrfoar yn it plak kaam de grytman opsetten. Yn Easterlauwersk Fryslân waarden dizze persoanen mei redjeva oantsjut [1].

Oarspronklik hâlde er him foaral dwaande my de rjochtspraak. Oars as foarhinne de skelta en asega hie er beide funksjes yn him, mei dit ferskil dat er net troch in Hear keazen waard mar troch it Folk. Lykwols hie allinnich de eigeners of brûkers fan pleatsen fan in beskate omfang stimrjocht. De grytman hie dan ek in soad stimhawwende pleatsen. Yn de rin fan de tiid waard de grytman ornaris keazen út de groep fan haadlingen, mar fan de Saksetiid ôf waarden de grytmannen om bar keazen of oanwiisd, troch gearwurking fan de steedhâlders en Deputearre Steaten.

De grytman beneamde tadiene boeren as bysitters, dy't fan gewicht wiene by de rjochtspraak en de grytman assistearren by it bestjoer. Offisjeel wie de beneaming foar ien jier, mar yn de praktyk bytiden tritich jier of oant de dea.

Ek beneamde de grytman yn elts doarp in eigen doarpsrjochter. Dy rjochte yn ienfâldige saken, bemiddele by skelen en hie tafersjoch op de feiligens. Ek liet er plakkaten skriuwe dy't yn it doarp oanplakt waarden, faak op de tsjerkedoar.

Fan grytman nei boargemaster

Beside de rjochtspraak soarge de grytman ek foar it bestjoer yn de Fryske gritenijen. De alve Fryske stêden hienen boargemasters.

Yn it ferline waard wol tocht dat de heraldyske Fryske Earn it foarrjocht fan in grytman en syn neisieten wie.

De Gemeentewet fan Thorbecke (ôfkundige yn 1851) makke fan de Fryske grytmannen boargemaster. De funksje fan grytman wurdt wol ris fergelike mei it hjoeddeiske boargemastersamt. By de ynfiering fan de Gemeentewet yn 1851 waard yn Fryslân de grytman as haad fan it bestjoer oer in gritenij/gemeente ferfongen troch de boargemaster. Dat is dan ek wol hast de ienige oerienkomst fan beide funksjes.

Moat in boargemaster skipperje tusken in soad utersten fan winsken en easken fan syn amtnerkorps en kompromissen slute tusken de feroarjende ynsichten fan gemeenteriedsleden, de grytman wie gewoan de baas yn de gritenij. Net allinnich op bestjoerlik mêd, mar iuwenlang ek op it mêd fan rjochtspraak en lytse kriminaliteit. Hy hie it tafersjoch oer in nedergerjocht yn syn gritenij en hie sels rjocht op in persintaazje fan de opleine boetes. In tige lukrative funksje, dy't troch party grytmanen noch ris ekstra útmolken waard. Uteraard hienen se dêr harren striemamnnen foar en sels it útfieren fan it amt lieten se faak oan oaren oer. De sekretaris fan de gritenij wie faak de feitlike bestjoerder. Dy waard der allyksa meast knap ryk fan.

Troch harren grutte rykdom en it feit dat se lange tiid net ferplichte wienen (kontinu) yn de gritenij te wenjen dêr't se oer hearsken, hienen in soad grytslju stêdsfilla’s bouwe litten dêr't se har benammen winterdeis komfortabel en mids alle gemakken yn it sosjale libben stoarten. In foarbyld hjirfan is it grytmanshûs yn de stêd Ljouwert

Sjoch ek

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

Boarnen, noaten en/as referinsjes:
  1. ↑ E. Engelsma (2010), "De Grote Friese Oorlog, side 9.

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