Tlaxcaltèques

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Illustration du Lienzo de Tlaxcala lors de la bataille de Xochipilla pendant la guerre de Mizton.

Les Tlaxcaltèques (ou Tlaxcalas) sont les habitants de Tlaxcala, État enclavé dans l'Empire aztèque. Contrairement à la version donnée par les Aztèques aux Espagnols, affirmant qu'ils conservaient cet État pour les guerres fleuries (guerres rituelles pour faire des prisonniers en vue de les sacrifier), il semblerait plutôt que les Tlaxcaltèques résistaient férocement à l'impérialisme aztèque en préservant leurs propres modèles démocratiques[1]. À l'arrivée des Espagnols, les Tlaxcaltèques s'allièrent à ceux-ci et leur fournirent une aide précieuse et indispensable à la prise de Tenochtitlan sous forme de guerriers et de refuge dans leur cité après la Noche Triste.

Comme ils avaient aidé les Espagnols lors de leur conquête du Mexique, les Tlaxcaltèques ont joui de privilèges par rapport aux autres peuples du Mexique. Ils pouvaient porter des armes à feu, posséder des chevaux, des fermes.

Certains Tlaxaltèques ont été déplacés par les Espagnols dans le nord du Mexique pour montrer aux indigènes de cette région la sédentarisation, et aussi pour travailler dans les mines et les haciendas.

Annexes

Bibliographie

  • (es) Andrea Martínez Baracs, Un gobierno de Indios, Tlaxcala 1519-1750, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, DF ; Fideicomiso Colegio de Historia de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 2008, 530 p. (ISBN 978-968-16-8538-6)
  • (en) M. H. Crawford, The Tlaxcaltecans : prehistory, demography, morphology and genetics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 1976, 208 p.
  • (es) Pedro Antonio Escalante Arce, Los Tlaxcaltecas en Centro América, Direccion de publicaciones e impresos, San salvador, 2001, 170 p. (ISBN 99923-0-077-9)
  • (en) Sean Francis McEnroe, From colony to nationhood in Mexico : laying the foundations, 1560-1840, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2012, 252 p. (ISBN 9781107006300)
  • (es) Thelma D. Sullivan (intr., trad. et notes), Documentos tlaxcaltecas del siglo XVI en lengua náhuatl, Universidad nacional autónoma de México, México, 1987, 350 p.
  • (es) Carlos Manuel Valdés, La gente del mezquite : los nómadas del noreste en la colonia, CIESAS, Mexico, 1995, 279 p. (ISBN 968-496-302-5)

Références

  1. ↑ David Graeber et David Wengrow, Au commencement était... Une nouvelle histoire de l'humanité, Les liens qui libèrent, , 745 p. (ISBN 979-10-209-2463-6), p. 438-454

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