Tigre de papier

Le tigre de papier est la traduction littérale de l'expression chinoise « zhǐ lǎohǔ » (紙老虎), désignant une chose apparemment menaçante, mais en réalité inoffensive.

Caricature chinoise représentant les USA sous la forme d'un tigre de papier.

L'expression a été rendue célèbre par une interview du président Mao en 1956, dans lequel il emploie l'expression pour qualifier Tchang Kaï-chek et les États-Unis.

Depuis, des jeux de mots ont été faits employant le tigre de papier. Dans l'album L'Enfer des épouvantails de Philémon, Philémon rencontre un tigre fait de papier, mais vivant.

L'édition Unglued (pour le fun) du jeu de cartes Magic : l'assemblée contient une carte Paper Tiger dont la seule présence rend inoffensif le Rock Lobsters (nom anglais du Jasus edwardsii, et nom d'une chanson du groupe The B-52's). Par allusion au jeu Pierre-feuille-ciseaux, le tigre de papier est lui-même rendu inoffensif si le Scissor Lizard est présent.

Cette expression est aussi plusieurs fois employée dans le film L'aventure c'est l'aventure, avec Lino Ventura et Jacques Brel, lorsque les personnages sont enlevés par un révolutionnaire d'Amérique du Sud.

En 2002, le chanteur californien Beck a intitulé « Paper Tiger » un morceau de l'album Sea Change, fortement inspiré par les orchestrations de Jean-Claude Vannier (L'Histoire de Melody Nelson de Serge Gainsbourg).

Une librairie-maison d'édition lyonnaise, émanation de l'Association pour l'enseignement du chinois à l'Université Jean Moulin (AEC-UJM) spécialisée dans les ouvrages liés à la Chine porte ce nom : Tigre de papier[1].


L'auteur de chansons Sylvain Lebel s'inspire de cette expression pour écrire, en 1978, le texte de la chanson Le géant de papier, qui deviendra, en 1985, le principal titre à succès du chanteur Jean-Jacques Lafon.

Notes et références

  1. « Tigre de papier », sur TIGRE DE PAPIER (consulté le ).

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