Théorie des ensembles approximatifs

Théorie des ensembles approximatifs – est un formalisme mathématique proposé en 1982 par le professeur Zdzisław Pawlak. Elle généralise la théorie des ensembles classique. Un ensemble approximatif (anglais : rough set) est un objet mathématique basé sur la logique 3 états. Dans sa première définition, un ensemble approximatif est une paire de deux ensembles : une approximation inférieure et une approximation supérieure.

Il existe également un type d'ensembles approximatifs défini par une paire d'ensembles flous (anglais : fuzzy set). Un élément peut appartenir aux deux approximations, à aucune ou seulement à l'approximation supérieure. Le dernier cas est intéressant, car il permet de modéliser l'incertitude.

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