Syringa

Page d’aide sur l’homonymie

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Lilas.

Syringa
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Syringa vulgaris, le lilas commun
Classification
Règne Plantae
Sous-règne Tracheobionta
Division Magnoliophyta
Classe Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe Asteridae
Ordre Scrophulariales
Famille Oleaceae

Genre

Syringa
L., 1753

Classification phylogénétique

Ordre Lamiales
Famille Oleaceae

Syringa est un genre d'arbustes appartenant à la famille des Oleaceae et composé d'une vingtaine d'espèces. Ce genre regroupe plusieurs des lilas véritables.

L'espèce la plus répandue est Syringa vulgaris, le lilas commun, parfois subspontané dans les haies et les bois.

Étymologie

Syringa

Le nom scientifique Syringa a été donné par Linné. Il correspond au latin syringa (= roseau) et évoque la tige creuse des pousses de certains lilas.

Lilas

Certaines espèces sont originaires d'Orient, sans doute de Perse, comme l'indique son nom : d'abord écrit lilac, c'est un emprunt à l'arabe lîlak (ليلك), lui-même issu du persan nîlak, qui signifie bleuté (dérivé de l'adjectif sanskrit nila = bleu).

Utilisation

Il est cultivé pour ses fleurs odorantes dont la couleur varie selon les espèces et les variétés. Il existe plus de 2 000 cultivars de lilas.

Classification et systématique

Principales espèces

Liste des espèces

Lilas nain, Syringa palabiana
Lilas nain, Syringa palabiana

Selon World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) (6 août 2011)[1] :

  • Syringa emodi Wall. ex Royle (1835)
  • Syringa josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb.f. (1830)
  • Syringa komarowii C.K.Schneid. (1910)
  • Syringa oblata Lindl. (1859)
    • sous-espèce Syringa oblata subsp. dilatata (Nakai) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang (1995)
    • sous-espèce Syringa oblata subsp. oblata
  • Syringa persica L. (1753)
  • Syringa pinetorum W.W.Sm. (1916)
  • Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. (1906)
  • Syringa pubescens Turcz. (1840)
    • sous-espèce Syringa pubescens subsp. microphylla (Diels) M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen (1990)
    • sous-espèce Syringa pubescens subsp. patula (Palib.) M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen (1990)
    • sous-espèce Syringa pubescens subsp. pubescens
  • Syringa reticulata (Blume) H.Hara (1941)
    • sous-espèce Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang (1995)
    • sous-espèce Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang (1995)
    • sous-espèce Syringa reticulata subsp. reticulata
  • Syringa tomentella Bureau & Franch. (1891)
    • sous-espèce Syringa tomentella subsp. sweginzowii (Koehne & Lingelsh.) Jin Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong (2008)
    • sous-espèce Syringa tomentella subsp. tomentella
    • sous-espèce Syringa tomentella subsp. yunnanensis (Franch.) Jin Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong (2008)
  • Syringa villosa Vahl (1804)
    • sous-espèce Syringa villosa subsp. villosa
    • sous-espèce Syringa villosa subsp. wolfii (C.K.Schneid.) Jin Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong (2007)
  • Syringa vulgaris L. (1753)

Selon NCBI (6 août 2011)[2] :

Galeries

Syringa vulgaris

  • Syringa vulgaris
    Syringa vulgaris
  • Syringa vulgaris, détail de l'inflorescence
    Syringa vulgaris, détail de l'inflorescence
  • Syringa vulgaris, grappe de fleurs
    Syringa vulgaris, grappe de fleurs
  • Syringa vulgaris, variété à fleur double
    Syringa vulgaris, variété à fleur double

Syringa × persica

Syringa oblata

  • var affinis
    var affinis
  • var affinis
    var affinis

Notes et références

  1. ↑ WCSP. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet ; http://wcsp.science.kew.org/, consulté le 6 août 2011
  2. ↑ NCBI, consulté le 6 août 2011

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