Surapprentissage (psychologie)

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Le surapprentissage a lieu lorsque la sollicitation de la mémoire ou la pratique d'une technique est effectuée au-delà du seuil requis pour en maîtriser le contenu.

Grâce à sa découverte de la courbe de l'oubli, Hermann Ebbinghaus découvre les effets du surapprentissage.

Cette méthode permet que l'information soit plus difficile à oublier sur le court terme, mais ne semble pas avoir beaucoup d'effet sur la rétention à long terme. Une méta-analyse de 15 études en 1992 a suggéré que le surapprentissage affecte le rappel au fil du temps. Elle a également conclu que l'ampleur de cet effet pouvait être modérée par l'importance du surapprentissage, le type de tâche et la durée de la rétention[1].

Certaines études récentes ont explicitement examiné l'interaction entre le surapprentissage et la durée de rétention de l'information et ont conclu que les effets du surapprentissage ont tendance à être de courte durée. Ce dernier est surtout utile lorsque le besoin de rétention de la matière est à court terme[2].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) James E. Driskell, Ruth P. Willis et Carolyn Copper, « Effect of overlearning on retention. », Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 77, no 5,‎ , p. 615–622 (ISSN 1939-1854 et 0021-9010, DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.615, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  2. ↑ (en) Doug Rohrer, Kelli Taylor, Harold Pashler et John T. Wixted, « The effect of overlearning on long-term retention », Applied Cognitive Psychology, vol. 19, no 3,‎ , p. 361–374 (ISSN 0888-4080 et 1099-0720, DOI 10.1002/acp.1083, lire en ligne, consulté le )

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