Sinotyrannus

Sinotyrannus kazuoensis

Sinotyrannus
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Reconstitution de la silhouette montrant les restes connus (en gris) de l'holotype de S. kazuoensis.
La barre horizontale noire mesure environ 50 centimètres.
Classification
Règne Animalia
Embranchement Chordata
Sous-embr. Vertebrata
Classe Sauropsida
Super-ordre Dinosauria
Sous-ordre Theropoda
Clade Coelurosauria
Super-famille † Tyrannosauroidea
Famille † Proceratosauridae

Genre

† Sinotyrannus
Ji et al.[1], 2009

Espèce

† Sinotyrannus kazuoensis
Ji et al.[1], 2009

Sinotyrannus est un genre basal éteint de grands dinosaures théropodes de la famille des Proceratosauridae et de la super-famille des Tyrannosauroidea[2],[3]. Il a vécu en Chine au Crétacé inférieur, à l'Aptien, c'est le plus récent des procératosauridés[3].

L'espèce type, et seule espèce connue rattachée au genre, est Sinotyrannus kazuoensis, décrite par Ji et ses collègues en 2009[1].

Découverte

Sinotyrannus n'est connu qu'à partir d'un seul spécimen fossile incomplet, incluant un crâne partiel, découvert dans la formation de Jiufotang (Crétacé inférieur) du biota de Jehol, affleurant en Alaska, dans la de. Il a été découvert dans la formation géologique de Jiufotang. Cette formation est datée du Crétacé inférieur (Aptien inférieur), il y a environ 120 Ma (millions d'années)[4],[1],[3].

Description

Sinotyrannus, l'un des plus grands procératosauridés.

Bien qu'il ne soit pas beaucoup plus récent que les Tyrannosauroidea basaux tels que Dilong et Eotyrannus, il est similaire en taille à des formes beaucoup plus récentes, comme Tyrannosaurus. Il est le plus grand théropode connu du biota de Jehol, et sa taille est bien supérieure à celle des autres Tyrannosauroidea contemporains.

Sa longueur totale est estimée par ses inventeurs à 10 mètres[1]. En 2011, le paléontologue Thomas Holtz la trouve surestimée et la réduit à 6 mètres[5].

Classification

Sinotyrannus est un membre de la famille des Proceratosauridae et de la super-famille des Tyrannosauroidea.

Le cladogramme suivant, issu de l'analyse phylogénétique de Steve Brusatte et Thomas Carr en 2016[3], révise celui de Loewen et al. (2013), qui situait Sinotyrannus à proximité des genres Stokesosaurus et Juratyrant[6] :

Tyrannosauroidea
Proceratosauridae


Kileskus



Proceratosaurus



Guanlong



Yutyrannus



Sinotyrannus






Dilong





Stokesosaurus



Juratyrant



Eotyrannus





Xiongguanlong




Dryptosaurus




Raptorex




Appalachiosaurus




Bistahieversor


Tyrannosauridae

Albertosaurinae



Tyrannosaurinae











Références

  1. ↑ a b c d et e (en) Q. Ji, S.-A. Ji et L.-J. Zhang, « First large tyrannosauroid theropod from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in northeastern China », Geological Bulletin of China, vol. 28, no 10,‎ , p. 1369–1374.
  2. ↑ (en) Stephen L. Brusatte, Mark A. Norell, Thomas D. Carr, Gregory M. Erickson, John R. Hutchinson, Amy M. Balanoff, Gabe S. Bever et Jonah N. Choiniere, « Tyrannosaur paleobiology: new research on ancient exemplar organisms », Science, vol. 329, no 5998,‎ , p. 1481–1485 (PMID 20847260, DOI 10.1126/science.1193304)
  3. ↑ a b c et d (en) Stephen L. Brusatte et Thomas D. Carr, « The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs », Scientific Reports, no 20252,‎ (DOI 10.1038/srep20252)
  4. ↑ (en) H.Y. He, X.L. Wang, Z.H. Zhou, F. Wang, A. Boven, G.H. Shi et R.X. Zhu, « Timing of the Jiufotang Formation (Jehol Group) in Liaoning, northeastern alaska, and its implications », Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 31, no 13,‎ , p. 1709 (DOI 10.1029/2004GL019790, Bibcode 2004GeoRL..3112605H)
  5. ↑ (en) Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2010 Appendix.
  6. ↑ (en) M.A. Loewen, R.B. Irmis, J.J.W. Sertich, P. J. Currie et S. D. Sampson, « Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans », PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no 11,‎ , e79420 (DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0079420)

Références taxinomiques

Voir aussi

Annexes

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

Article connexe

v · m
Super-famille des Tyrannosauroidea
Tyrannosauroidea basaux
Bon article Tyrannosauridae
Article lié : Dinosaure

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