Question de l'identité entre l'Empire ottoman et la république de Turquie


Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit, la Turquie et l’Empire ottoman.

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La question de l'identité juridique entre l'Empire ottoman et la république de Turquie s'est posée dès la proclamation de cette dernière.

Alors que la Turquie se considère comme un État nouvellement apparu après la Première Guerre mondiale, les analystes du droit international ainsi que la communauté internationale elle-même s'accordent sur le fait que l'Empire ottoman et la république de Turquie correspondent à un seul et même État.

La question est particulièrement importante pour définir les responsabilités de l'État turc pour la situation (dettes par exemple) et les crimes commis du temps de l'Empire ottoman (notamment le génocide des Arméniens).

Contexte

À l'issue de la Première Guerre mondiale, que l'Empire ottoman avait perdue, la capitale impériale, Constantinople, est occupée du au par les forces alliées. En concurrence du gouvernement impérial se forme alors en 1920 un gouvernement républicain à Angora (aujourd'hui nommée Ankara), le Gouvernement de la Grande Assemblée nationale.

Position turque

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Droit international

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Conséquences

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Références

Bibliographie

  • [Acun 1999] (tr) Fatma Acun, « Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Değişme ve Süreklilik » [« Changement et continuité de l'Empire ottoman à la République »], Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no spécial (Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kuruluşunun 700. Yılı Özel sayısı),‎ , p. 155-167 (lire en ligne, consulté le ) [PDF] Accès libre
  • [Dumberry 2012] (en) Patrick Dumberry, « Is Turkey the ‘continuing’ state of the Ottoman Empire under international law? » [« La Turquie est-elle l'État « continuateur » de l'Empire ottoman selon la loi internationale ? »], Netherlands International Law Review, vol. 59, no 2,‎ , p. 235-262 (lire en ligne)
  • [Dumberry 2014] (en) Patrick Dumberry, « The Consequences of Turkey Being the ‘Continuing’ State of the Ottoman Empire in Terms of International Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts » [« Les conséquences du fait que la Turquie soit l'État « continuateur » de l'Empire ottoman en termes de responsabilité internationale pour des actes internationalement répréhensibles »], International Criminal Law Review, vol. 14,‎ , p. 261-273 (lire en ligne)
  • (en) « Canadian law Professor: Turkey is exact same state as Ottoman Empire under international law » [« Un professeur de droit canadien : la Turquie est exactement le même État que l'Empire ottoman selon la loi internationale »], Horizon Weekly,‎ (lire en ligne)

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