Psorospermum aurantiacum

Psorospermum aurantiacum (Engl.) est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Hypericaceae et du genre Psorospermum, endémique de la ligne montagneuse du Cameroun.

Description

C'est un arbrisseau d'une hauteur comprise entre 3 et 5 m. La plante est aisément reconnaissable aux poils denses d'un brun orangé – d'où l'épithète spécifique aurantiacum – qui tapissent la face inférieure de la feuille, contrastant avec le noir brillant du dessus, lorsqu'elle est sèche[2].

Distribution

Carl Ludwig Ledermann découvrit le premier spécimen, en fleurs, en , à Mbo, dans les monts Konga (ou Kongoa, 5°20' N, 9°50' E[3]), à une altitude de 1 600-1 800 m[2].

Depuis, l'espèce a été observée principalement au Cameroun, dans la Région du Nord-Ouest (dont Bambui, la réserve forestière de Bafut Ngemba, la réserve forestière de Bali Ngemba, Dom) et celle de l'Ouest (monts Bamboutos), également au Nigeria, sur le plateau d'Obudu (en) et le plateau de Mambila[4].

Utilisation

Au Cameroun et dans d'autres régions d'Afrique, Psorospermun aurantiacum et Hypericum lanceolatum sont utilisées notamment pour le traitement d'infections gastro-intestinales, urinaires et dermatologiques, les maladies vénériennes, la stérilité ou l'épilepsie[5].

Notes et références

  1. The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/, consulté le 1 février 2018
  2. a et b Adolf Engler, « Guttiferae africanae III »Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, vol. 55, 1919, p. 383, [lire en ligne]
  3. (en) Frank Nigel Hepper, « C. Ledermann's botanical collecting localities in Kamerun (Cameroun) 1908–1909 » Kew Bulletin, 1974, 29(2), p. 377
  4. (en) Martin Cheek, Yvette Harvey et Jean-Michel Onana, The plants of Dom, Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon : a conservation checklist, Kew Publishing, Kew, Richmond, 2010, p. 97 (ISBN 9781842463987)
  5. (en) Patricia D. Tchakam, Paul K. Lunga, Théodora K. Kowa, Antoine Honoré N. Lonfouo, Hippolyte K. Wabo, Léon A. Tapondjou, Pierre Tane and Jules-Roger Kuiate, « Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds from the leaves of Psorospermum aurantiacum Engl. and Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. », in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 12:136, [lire en ligne]

Bibliographie

  • Adolf Engler, « Guttiferae africanae III »Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie, vol. 55, 1919, p. 383, [lire en ligne]
  • Jean-Baptiste Gallé, Pharmacochimie d'anthranoïdes issus du genre Psorospermum. (Hypericaceae). Isolement, activités antiparasitaires et synthèse d'analogues structuraux, Université de Strasbourg, 2015, 358 p. (particulièrement p. 17-18, [lire en ligne] (thèse)
  • (en) Martin Cheek, Yvette Harvey et Jean-Michel Onana, The plants of Dom, Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon : a conservation checklist, Kew Publishing, Kew, Richmond, 2010, p. 97 ; 127 (ISBN 9781842463987)
  • Jean-Michel Onana, Synopsis des espèces végétales vasculaires endémiques et rares du Cameroun : check-liste pour la gestion durable et la conservation de la biodiversité, Yaoundé, Ministère de la Recherche scientifique et de l'Innovation, coll. « Flore du Cameroun » (no 40), , p. 173
  • (en) Jean-Michel Onana et Martin Cheek, « Psorospermum aurantiacum Engl. », in Red Data Book of the Flowering Plants of Cameroon: IUCN Global Assessments, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2011, p. 162-163 (ISBN 9781842464298)
  • (en) Patricia D. Tchakam, Paul K. Lunga, Théodora K. Kowa, Antoine Honoré N. Lonfouo, Hippolyte K. Wabo, Léon A. Tapondjou, Pierre Tane and Jules-Roger Kuiate, « Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds from the leaves of Psorospermum aurantiacum Engl. and Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. », in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 12:136, [lire en ligne]

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