Patriarche latin de Constantinople

La basilique Saint-Pierre, siège du patriarche latin de Constantinople à Rome

Le titre de patriarche latin de Constantinople fut créé par l'Église catholique romaine en 1204 lors des Croisades et fut supprimé en 1964.

Histoire

Période des Croisades

Article détaillé : Quatrième croisade.

En 1204, la IVe croisade manœuvrée par ses créanciers vénitiens, se détourna de la Terre sainte et s'en prit à Constantinople, capitale de l'Empire byzantin, alors agité par une affaire d'usurpation.

Après de nombreuses péripéties, l'empereur et le patriarche orthodoxe (de langue grecque) furent chassés de Constantinople. Les Croisés leur substituèrent un empereur (Baudouin de Flandre) et un patriarche (Tommaso Morosini) dits Latins (par opposition aux Grecs). Le pape Innocent III, après avoir protesté en vain[1] et excommunié les Vénitiens, finit par entériner l'état de fait.

Après la reprise de Constantinople par les Byzantins en 1261, le patriarche se réfugia dans les territoires encore tenus par les Latins. En , le pape Clément V unit le siège patriarcal à l'évêché de Négrepont, en Eubée, qui devint ainsi le diocèse patriarcal[2].

Par la suite, le titre de patriarche latin de Constantinople devint purement honorifique, à Rome (in partibus).

Période moderne

La basilique Saint-Pierre fut le siège du patriarche latin de Constantinople à Rome (la cathédrale de l'évêché de Rome n'est pas la basilique Saint-Pierre mais l'archibasilique Saint-Jean de Latran). En 1964, dans le cadre du rapprochement œcuméniques avec les églises orthodoxes, le Vatican décida de la suppression de ce titre, de toute façon sans titulaire depuis 1948.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) Lettre de réprimande au cardinal-légat, Internet Medieval Source Book
  2. ↑ R-J Loenertz, Cardinale Morosini et Paul Paléologue Tagaris, patriarches, et Antoine Ballester, vicaire du Pape, dans le patriarcat de Constantinople (1332-34 et 1380-87) in Revue des études byzantines p 226 en ligne

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