Nikolaï Piliouguine

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Nikolaï Piliouguine

Données clés
Naissance	18 mai 1908 Krasnoïe Selo, gouvernement de Saint-Pétersbourg, Empire russe
Décès	2 août 1982 (à 74 ans) Moscou, RSFS de Russie Union soviétique
Nationalité	russe → soviétique

Données clés
Domaines	astronautique
Institutions	RNII, RABE, NII-885
Diplôme	Université technique d'État de Moscou
Distinctions	Héros du travail socialiste Ordre de Lénine Ordre de la révolution d'Octobre Prix Lénine Prix d'État de l'URSS

Nikolaï Alekseïevitch Piliouguine (en russe : Никола́й Алексее́вич Пилю́гин), né le 18 mai 1908 et décédé le 2 août 1982, est un ingénieur en astronautique soviétique, spécialisé dans les systèmes de guidage des fusées.

Il participe à la création du premier missile balistique intercontinental soviétique R-7 Semiorka ainsi qu'à celle de la navette spatiale russe Bourane.

Biographie

Diplômé de l'Université technique d'État de Moscou, Piliougine travaille à l'académie de Joukovski à partir de 1934, avant de rejoindre le RNII (institut de recherche sur la propulsion par réaction). En 1945, il rejoint Boris Tchertok à l'institut de recherche RABE (pour Raketen Bau) en Allemagne, pour étudier la conception des armes nazies comme les V2.

En 1946, il prend la tête, avec Mikhaïl Riazanski, du nouveau bureau NII-885^[1]. Piliouguine y développe des systèmes de guidage gyroscopiques^[2] et des ordinateurs de contrôle de vol pour le programme spatial soviétique.

Distinctions

Nikolaï Piliouguine reçoit deux fois le titre de Héros du travail socialiste, en 1956 et 1961, le prix Lénine en 1957, le prix d'État de l'URSS en 1967, l'ordre de Lénine en 1956, 1958, 1968, 1975 et 1978, l'Ordre de la révolution d'Octobre en 1971. Il est député du 7^e au 10^e soviet suprême.

Notes et références

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Nikolay Pilyugin » (voir la liste des auteurs).

↑ « Course à l'espace ★ Planète Astronomie », sur www.planete-astronomie.com (consulté le 2 mai 2023)
↑ Amaury, « Les enseignements de la conquête spatiale », sur De geek à directeur technique, 27 août 2019 (consulté le 2 mai 2023)

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