Nicolás Mascardi

Nicolás Mascardi
Martyre du père Nicolás Mascardi. Vitrail de la cathédrale San Carlos de Bariloche.
Biographie
Naissance
Décès
Activité
Autres informations
Ordre religieux

Nicolás Mascardi (né le à Sarzana, dans l'actuelle province de La Spezia, alors dans la république de Gênes et mort assassiné le en Patagonie, en Argentine) est un prêtre jésuite italien, missionnaire en Amérique du Sud au XVIIe siècle. Il fut le premier explorateur européen de la Patagonie.

Biographie

Nicolás Mascardi arrive au Chili en 1651. En 1669, il traverse les Andes à partir de l'île de Chiloé et fonde une mission (es), sur les rives du lac Nahuel Huapi.

À partir de la mission, le père Mascardi et ses compagnons jésuites développent les activités missionnaires auprès des Pehuenches et des Puelches. Premier visiteur européen de la Patagonie, il est en correspondance avec le père Athanasius Kircher auquel il communique ses observations scientifiques sur les éclipses, les comètes, la faune et la flore de la région. Il est assassiné en 1673 par les indigènes Tehuelches au cours d'un de ses voyages d'exploration dans les Andes méridionales. La mission sera rouverte par le père Felipe de la Laguna (Philippe Van der Meeren) trente ans plus tard.

Postérité

Un lac d'Argentine centrale, dans la province de Rio Negro (en Patagonie), porte aujourd'hui son nom : le lac Mascardi.

Bibliographie

  • Juan Martín Biedma: Crónica histórica del Lago Nahuel Huapi, Ed. Del Nuevo Extremo – Caleuche, Bariloche, 2003.
  • Guillermo Furlong: Entre los tehuelches de la Patagonia, Ed. San Pablo, Bs. As., 1943.

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