Mora (Sparte)

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Mora.

Illustration possible d'un soldat spartiate appartenant à une mora

La mora (grec ancien: μόρα), également appelée en français more (mot féminin[1] ou masculin[2]), est un régiment dans l'armée spartiate.

Histoire

L'armée spartiate est découpée en 6 moras[2] d'environ 1 280 hommes (chiffre maximal), dirigée par un polémarque. Chaque mora est composée de 2 lochoi de 640 hommes, sous l'autorité d'un lochage ; le lochos est divisé en 8 pentekostyes[3], le pentekostys est dirigé par le pentécontère qui a sous ses ordres 2 unités d'une quarantaine d'hommes. Ces unités, appelées énomoties, sont structurées par des cadres, les énomotarques. Dans chaque mora, il y a un lochos de Sparte, et un lochos de périèques, ces derniers étant issus des cités autonomes mais non souveraines placées sous le contrôle de Sparte. Les hippeis (« cavaliers ») appartiennent à la première mora et sont, à Sparte, l'élite de l'armée, l'aile droite. Ils sont sélectionnés par des officiers appelés hippagretai, dont tous les membres étaient au moins pères d'un fils, afin de prolonger la lignée[4].

Chaque mora est distincte d'une autre : elles campent et vont au combat séparément, accompagnée d'une suite séparée[5]. Des sacrifices sont offerts chaque matin, et avant chaque bataille par le roi ou les officiers ; si les oracles ne lui sont pas favorables, un chef pieux peut refuser la bataille, ne pas prendre part au combat[6].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Cavaignac 1912, p. 241 et passim
  2. ↑ a et b Lucien de Samosate 2015, p. 321 (note 6)
  3. ↑ Représentant 1/50e de l'armée.
  4. ↑ Connolly 2006, p. 41.
  5. ↑ Connolly 2006, p. 46-47.
  6. ↑ Connolly 2006, p. 47.

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