Pour les articles homonymes, voir Massacre (homonymie).
Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’histoire.
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Un massacre est l'action de tuer indistinctement une population humaine ou animale, soit en partie soit complètement[2].
Quand un massacre est perpétré en vue de l'extermination d'un groupe humain, sur des critères ethniques, nationaux, religieux ou raciaux, on parle alors plutôt de « génocide ».
La pratique du massacre de population date de temps immémoriaux. Les fouilles archéologiques[3] des 30 dernières années ont en effet mis en évidence que des exterminations étaient courantes notamment pour l'époque antique.
Le XXe siècle reste néanmoins la période qui aura connu le plus grand nombre de personnes massacrées de par la puissance des moyens mis en œuvre (planification, armes destructrices).
Le massacre peut notamment répondre à une logique d'extermination, à une logique de punition collective (massacre de représailles perpétré par un régime en réponse à l'assassinat de l'une de ses personnalités) ou à une logique de terreur, comme dans le cadre d'une guerre, pour démoraliser l'ennemi.
Certains massacres sont perpétrés pour des raisons religieuses (massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) ou de représailles (massacre d'Oradour-sur-Glane).
On peut également ranger dans la catégorie « massacre » des tueries civiles tenant du fait divers (comme les tueries scolaires).
Semelin J., « Penser les massacres », Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée, 8 (1), printemps 2001, pp. 7- 22.
Semelin J., « Du massacre au processus génocidaire », Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales, 174, décembre 2002.
Kalyvas S., « Aspects méthodologiques de la recherche sur les massacres : le cas de la guerre civile grecque », Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée, 8 (1), 2001 pp. 23-42.
P. Roberts (eds), The Massacre in History, New York, Bargain Books, 1999
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