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Macro-langue

Macro-langue désigne une catégorie de langue dans ethnologue.com (depuis la 16e édition[1]) et dans la norme ISO 639-3[2],[3],[4]

Norme ISO 639-3

Différences entre ISO 639-2 et 639-3

Certaines macro-langues telles que définies par l'ISO 639-3 ne possédaient pas de langue individuelle dans l'ISO 639-2, par exemple « ara ». D'autres, comme « nor », avaient déjà leurs langues individuelles (« nno », « nob ») dans 639-2. Cela signifie que certaines langues (par exemple « arb ») qui étaient considérées par ISO 639-2 comme des dialectes d'une langue (« ara »), sont maintenant elles-mêmes, dans certains contextes, considérées dans ISO 639-3 comme des langues individuelles. 58 langues dans la classification ISO 639-2 sont considérées comme des macro-langues dans la classification ISO 639-3, sur les 62 macro-langues au total[5].

Liste de macro-langues

Données officielles de SIL International[5].
Nom de la
macro-langue
ISO 639-1 ISO 639-2 ISO 639-3 Nombre
de langues
individuelles
akan ak aka aka 2
arabe ar ara ara 30
aymara ay aym aym 2
azeri az aze aze 2
baloutche bal bal 3
bicol bik bik 8
bontok bnc 5
bouriate bua bua 3
mari chm chm 2
cri cr cre cre 6
delaware del del 2
esclave den den 2
dinka din din 5
dogri doi doi 2
estonien et est est 2
persan fa fas, per fas 2
peul ff ful ful 9
gbaya gba gba 6
gondi gon gon 2
grebo grb grb 5
guaraní gn grn grn 5
haïda hai hai 2
serbo-croate sh hbs 3
hmong hmn hmn 25
inuktitut iu iku iku 2
Inupiak ik ipk ipk 2
judéo-arabe jrb jrb] 5
kanouri kr kau kau 3
kalenjin kln 9
konkani kok kok 2
komi kv kom kom 2
kikongo kg kon kon 3
kpèllé kpe kpe 2
kurde ku kur kur 3
lahnda lah lah 7
letton lv lav lav 2
luyia luy 14
mandingue man man 6
malgache mg mlg mlg 11
mongol mn mon mon 2
malais ms msa, may msa 36
marwari mwr mwr 6
népalais ne nep nor 2
norvégien no nor nor 2
ojibwa oj oji oji 7
oriya or ori ori 2
oromo om orm orm 4
pachto ps pus pus 3
quechua qu que que 44
rajasthani raj raj 6
romani rom rom 7
albanais sq sqi, alb sqi 4
sarde sc srd srd 4
swahili sw swa swa 2
syriaque syr syr 2
touareg tmh tmh 4
ouzbek uz uzb uzb 2
yiddish yi yid yid 2
zapotèque zap zap 57
zhuang za zha zha 16
chinois zh zho, chi zho 14
zazaki zza zza 2

Notes et références

  1. (en) M. Paul Lewis (dir.), Ethnologue : Languages of the World, SIL International, , 16e éd., 1248 p. (ISBN 1556712162 et 9781556712166, présentation en ligne)
  2. (en) Elizabeth J. Pyatt, « Macrolanguage vs. Dialect », sur A Linguist in the Wild,
  3. (en) « Scope of denotation for language identifiers », sur SIL International
  4. (en) Tristan James Mabry, Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism, University of Pennsylvania Press, , 312 p. (ISBN 0812246918 et 9780812246919, présentation en ligne, lire en ligne), p. 63
  5. a et b (en) « ISO 639-3 Macrolanguage Mappings », sur SIL International

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