Maître des travaux de la couronne d'Écosse

Sir William Bruce, maître des travaux de la couronne d'Écosse entre 1671 et 1678.

Le Maître des travaux de la couronne d'Écosse (Master of Works to the Crown of Scotland en anglais) était un haut fonctionnaire royal qui avait pour charge de construire, réparer et maintenir les palais et châteaux royaux, ainsi que toutes les autres propriétés du roi d’Écosse. Les principales étaient les palais d’Holyrood, de Linlithgow et de Falkland ainsi que les châteaux d’Édimbourg et de Stirling.

Cette fonction était assez similaire à celle de surintendant des travaux du roi (Surveyor of the King's Works) de la cour anglaise[1]. L’émergence de ce titre reflète une évolution de la responsabilité qui passe des maçons à des concepteurs qui ont d’expérience de taille de la pierre. Les premiers maîtres des travaux étaient souvent des courtisans : James Hamilton of Finnart était un parent du roi, John Scrymgeour, un expert en héraldique, et William Schaw un gestionnaire qui fut une figure-clé dans le développement de la Franc-maçonnerie[2]. Par la suite, leurs successeurs remplirent un rôle d’architecte moderne. Certains furent tout de même des artisans : Robert Robertson, qui fut maître d’ouvrage du château de Stirling après l’exécution d’Hamilton of Finnart, était charpentier.


Principaux maîtres des travaux de la couronne d'Écosse

Les dates qui figurent sont celles de leur affectation qui figurent sous forme de mandat dans Register of the Privy Seal. William MacDowall, fut cependant maître des travaux sans mandat et certaines nominations eurent lieu en parallèle.

La charge demeura vacante de 1668 à 1671.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Colvin, p1155
  2. ↑ Glendinning & McKechnie, p.66
  3. ↑ McKean, Charles (2001). The Scottish Chateau. Sutton Publishing. (ISBN 0-7509-2323-7). p.158.

Bibliographie

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