Liste des édifices religieux de France

On dénombre en France près de 100 000 édifices religieux (soit en moyenne presque 3 par commune), dont 15 000 protégés au titre des monuments historiques. Le patrimoine catholique représente 45 000 églises paroissiales, ainsi qu'un grand nombre de chapelles privées, abbayes, et autres monuments aujourd’hui désaffectés. On dénombre également environ 3000 lieux de culte protestants (dont 1200 temples et églises réformées ou luthériennes et 1800 églises évangéliques), (2 200 lieux de prière musulmans (dont environ 900 mosquées), 500 synagogues et 300 temples bouddhistes[1].

Ci-dessous figure une liste des édifices religieux de France par religion.

Christianisme

Catholicisme

Protestantisme

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Autres mouvements chrétiens

Islam

Judaïsme

Bouddhisme

Hindouisme[2]

Sikh[2]

Lieux de culte multiconfessionnels

Dans l'histoire, en fonction des changements de majorité dans la confession des habitants d'un territoire on a pu voir des lieux de culte changer de destination : cathédrales devenant mosquées (Sainte-Sophie à Istanbul) ou l'inverse (Mezquita de Cordoue). De nos jours l'actuelle mosquée Jamme Masjid de Brick Lane, à Londres a fait office de temple protestant, au temps des huguenots, avant de se transformer en synagogue, puis en mosquée récemment. En France, au début de l'été 2015, Dalil Boubakeur, recteur de la Grande Mosquée de Paris a suggéré de transformer les églises inutilisées en mosquées[3] avant de revenir sur sa proposition.

L'introduction du Simultaneum à la fin du XVIIe siècle est à l'origine en France de plusieurs églises simultanées depuis cette époque principalement en Alsace, essentiellement coexistence dans un même édifice du culte catholique et réformé.

Dans certains lieux particuliers, comme les aéroports, les hôpitaux ou bien les prisons on peut trouver des lieux de recueillement multiconfessionnels.

Ailleurs dans le monde, une autre catégorie de lieux de culte se développe également intégrant dès la construction de l'édifice le caractère multiconfessionnel comme le Temple de Moncton au Canada ou le projet « friday, saturday, sunday »[4] des architectes britanniques Leon, Lloyd et Saleem[5], le projet « Tri Faith »[6] à Omaha (Nebraska, États-Unis) ou le projet « House of One »[7] à Berlin.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Combien d’églises détruites dans 20 ans ?
  2. ↑ a et b « Les lieux de culte de l'Inde en France », sur indeaparis.com (consulté le ).
  3. ↑ [1]
  4. ↑ [2]
  5. ↑ SCLAVO, O. (2013) "Juifs, chrétiens et musulmans en colocation. Le projet Friday, Saturday, Sunday" Usbek & Rica n° M01736 automne 2013, p. 62-63.
  6. ↑ Tri Faith
  7. ↑ House of One

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