Leucothea (déesse)

Leucothea (« Blanche déesse ») est une divinité gauloise et gallo-romaine protectrice des Parisii et de Paris, mais le nom qu'on lui connaît est de formation grecque.

Selon Anne Lombard-Jourdan, elle était une divinité protectrice de la navigation sur la Seine, honorée par les Nautae Parisiaci[1]. Ceux-ci auraient assimilé une divinité locale protectrice liée à la Seine, dont le nom gaulois n'a pas été conservé, à la déesse grecque Leucothée, métamorphose d'Ino, devenue protectrice des marins et des naufragés.

Son temple se dressait sur le mons Lucoticius ou Lucotitius, ce qui deviendra la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève[2].

Plus tard, sainte Geneviève, devenue protectrice de Paris, emprunte certains traits à Leucothea[1].

Notes et références

  1. a et b Anne Lombard-Jourdan, Montjoie et Saint Denis, le centre de la Gaule aux origines de Paris et de Saint Denis, Paris, Presses du CNRS, 1989, p. 230-231. Moshe Sluhovsky, Patroness of Paris. Rituals of Devotion in Early Modern France, Leyde, Brill, 1998, p. 40-41 (en ligne). Anne Lombard-Jourdan suggère aussi que le nom de Lutèce viendrait d'une forme grecque Leukotekia, signifiant « [la cité] de Leucothea », mais cette hypothèse n'est pas retenue par les linguistes qui se sont occupés de l'étymologie du nom du chef-lieu des Parisii.
  2. Gaëtan Desmarais, « La formidable émergence d'une identité culturelle : le cas de Paris », in Luc Noppen (dir.), Architecture, forme urbaine et identité collective, Sillery (Québec), Éd. du Septentrion, 1995, p. 27.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • Anne Lombard-Jourdan, « Leucothéa et sainte Geneviève, protectrices de Paris : mythe et hagiographie », in Mémoires de la Fédération des sociétés historiques et archéologiques de Paris et de l'Île-de-France, 42, 1991, p. 7-59.

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