Kilomètre

Définition du kilomètre adoptée en 1791 : 10 000e partie de la distance du pôle Nord à l'équateur en passant par Paris.

Le kilomètre (symbole km) est une unité de longueur, créée en 1790, valant 1 000 mètres[1].

C'est le multiple du mètre le plus fréquemment utilisé pour mesurer les distances terrestres (par exemple : entre les villes). On définit ainsi des points kilométriques le long des voies de communications, qui se matérialisent sur les routes par des bornes routières.

On utilise aussi le kilomètre linéaire dans le domaine des archives, pour en quantifier le volume ; il correspond à la longueur cumulée des rayonnages occupés par les documents[réf. nécessaire].

Le symbole du préfixe kilo- est le k minuscule.

La notation Km (avec un K majuscule) est à proscrire, car, dans le système international d'unités (SI), le K majuscule est le symbole du kelvin, unité de température thermodynamique. Km serait donc le symbole de l'unité physique Kelvin.mètre.

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