Kalendjins

Kalendjins
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
L'athlète Lornah Kiplagat en 2007

Populations importantes par région
Drapeau du Kenya Kenya 6 358 113 (2019)[1]
Autres
Langues Langues kalendjin

Les Kalendjins sont un ensemble de populations d'Afrique de l'Est, d'origine nilotique, vivant dans et autour de la vallée du Grand Rift, à l'ouest du Kenya. Parmi elles figurent notamment les Elgeyo, les Kipsigi, les Marakwet, les Nandi, les Okiek, les Sebei, les Suk, les Terik et les Tugen[2].

Population

Groupe Kalendjin en tenue traditionnelle lors d'un événement à Eldoret.

Lors du recensement de 2009, 4 967 328 Kalendjins ont été dénombrés. Ils forment ainsi la troisième population du pays, après les Kikuyu et les Luhya.

Histoire

Principalement pasteurs vivant d'élevage extensif, ils seraient originaires du Soudan et auraient migré il y a 2 000 ans.

Ethnonyme

Le nom donné à ce groupe ethnique n'est stabilisé et accepté que depuis les années 1960, l'administration coloniale ayant auparavant pris l'habitude de désigner ces peuples sous le nom de « peuples parlant la langue nandi »[3]. Le nom Kalendjin, adopté par la suite, signifie « Je te dis » en langue nandi.

Langues

Performances sportives

Les Kalendjins sont très connus en dehors du Kenya pour leurs performances sportives exceptionnelles[4]. Ils ont en effet remporté depuis les années 1980 environ 40 % des médailles en course de fond et demi-fond aux Jeux olympiques comme aux championnats du monde d'athlétisme. Des recherches génétiques poussées pour identifier un éventuel gène de la course à pied sur les Kalendjins ont pour l'instant échoué[réf. souhaitée][5].

Leurs performances sportives et leur mode de vie[6] sont à l'origine du nom de la marque commerciale « Kalenji » utilisée par Decathlon[7].

Notes et références

  1. « 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics », sur Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (consulté le )
  2. IdRef
  3. Voir Monone Omosule, « Kalenjin: the emergence of a corporate name for the Nandi-speaking tribes of East Africa », in Genève-Afrique, 27 (1), 1989, p. 73-88
  4. « Kenyan runners: nature or nurture? », article de Steve Sailer, UPI, 27 septembre 2000 [1]
  5. (en) « Why Kenyans Make Such Great Runners: A Story of Genes and Cultures »,
  6. « Coureurs kenyans : la recette des champions »,
  7. (en) « A Brief History of Kalenji », Decathlon, 2 avril 2014

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • (en) Ciarunji Chesaina, Oral literature of the Kalenjin, Heinemann Kenya, Nairobi, 1991, 167 p. (ISBN 9966468919)
  • (en) Michael William Coy Jr., The social and economic relations of blacksmiths among Kalenjin- speaking peoples of the Rift Valley, Kenya, University of Pittsburgh, 1982, 253 p. (thèse)
  • (en) Robert E. Daniels, Mari H. Clark et Timothy J. McMillan, A bibliography of the Kalenjin peoples of east Africa, African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1987, 74 p. (ISBN 0942615034)
  • (en) John Albert Distefano, The precolonial history of the Kalenjin of Kenya : a methodological comparison of linguistic and oral traditional evidence, University of California, Los Angeles, 1985, 295 p. (thèse)
  • (en) B. E. Kipkorir, People of the Rift Valley : Kalenjin, Evans, Londres, 1978, 42 p. (ISBN 0237498960)
  • Yaya Koné, « Anthropologie de l'athlétisme en Afrique de l'Ouest, La condition d'athlète », Éditions L'Harmattan, Paris, 2011, 523 p. (ISBN 978-2-296-56181-6)
  • (en) John Lamphear, « Nilotes, eastern Africa : southern Nilotes : Kalenjin, Dadog, Pokot », in Kevin Shillington (dir.), Encyclopedia of African History, vol. 2, Fitzroy Dearborn, New York, 2005, p. 1130-1132
  • (en) Monone Omosule, « Kalenjin : the emergence of a corporate name for the Nandi-speaking tribes of East Africa », in Genève-Afrique, 27 (1), 1989, p. 73-88
  • (en) Gideon S. Were, Western Kenya historical texts: Abaluyia, Teso, and Elgon Kalenjin, East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, 1967, 196 p. (d’après une thèse, University of Wales)

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