Județ d'Alba

Județ d'Alba
(ro) Județul Alba
(hu) Fehér megye
Blason de Județ d'Alba (ro) Județul Alba (hu) Fehér megye
Héraldique
Drapeau de Județ d'Alba (ro) Județul Alba (hu) Fehér megye
Drapeau
Administration
Pays Drapeau de la Roumanie Roumanie
Région  Transylvanie
Chef-lieu Alba Iulia
Président du
conseil de județ
Ion Dumitrel (PNL)
Code ISO RO-AB
Indicatif (+40) x58
Démographie
Population 327 258 hab. (2011[1])
Densité 52 hab./km2
Géographie
Coordonnées 46° 08′ nord, 23° 32′ est
Superficie 624 200 ha = 6 242 km2
Localisation
Localisation de Județ d'Alba(ro) Județul Alba(hu) Fehér megye
Localisation du județ au sein de la Roumanie
Liens
Conseil du județ www.cjalba.ro
Préfecture www.prefecturaalba.ro

Le județ d'Alba (en roumain : județul Alba et en hongrois : Fehér megye) est un județ (département) de Roumanie en Transylvanie avec comme chef-lieu Alba Iulia.

Histoire

Le județ d'Alba est le successeur de l'ancien comitat de Fehér créé en 1003 lors de la fondation du royaume de Hongrie.

Il fut attribué par le traité de Trianon en 1920 au royaume de Roumanie.

Géographie

Les județe voisins de celui d'Alba sont :

Population

Évolution de la population
AnnéePop.±%
1850 237 969—    
1880 267 731+12.5%
1890 289 096+8.0%
1900 315 321+9.1%
1910 330 750+4.9%
1920 320 638−3.1%
1930 346 582+8.1%
1941 377 313+8.9%
1948 361 062−4.3%
1956 370 800+2.7%
1966 382 786+3.2%
1977 409 634+7.0%
1992 413 919+1.0%
2002 382 747−7.5%
2011 327 258−14.5%

Composition ethnique

Groupe ethnique majoritaire par commune en 2011.

La composition ethnique du județ d'Alba s'est profondément modifiée au cours du XXe siècle.

La proportion des habitants roumains a augmenté tout au long du siècle et elle est passée de 262 927 personnes en 1910, soit 79,5 % de la population totale, à 291 850 personnes en 2011, soit 90,65 %[2].

Dans le même temps, la population magyarophone est passée de 13,7 % à 4,61 %[2]. Cette population a subi une première chute après le démantèlement de l'Empire austro-hongrois en 1918 et le rattachement de la Transylvanie à la Roumanie à la suite du traité de Trianon, puis une lente érosion au cours du siècle et une nouvelle chute après 1989.

Quant à la minorité allemande présente en 1910, 16 613 personnes et 5 % de la population totale, elle a subi une lente érosion et une chute importante après la révolution roumaine de 1989 et l'ouverture des frontières (728 personnes, 0,23 % en 2011)[2], la quasi-totalité de la communauté ayant émigré vers l'Allemagne.

Une grande partie de la communauté juive a été décimée au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale par les Nazis durant la Shoah (3 400 en 1930 (1 % de la population), 1 015 en 1956. Le reste a petit à petit émigré vers les États-Unis ou Israël.

La communauté Roms a vu sa population augmenter régulièrement, passant de 6 722 personnes en 1930 (1,9 %) à 14 292 personnes en 2011 (4,44 %)[2].

Politique

Composition du conseil municipal (2020-2024)[3]
Parti Sièges
Parti national libéral (PNL) 19
Parti social-démocrate (PSD) 6
Alliance 2020 USR-PLUS (USR-PLUS) 4
Parti Mouvement populaire (PMP) 3

Villes et communes

Cathédrale de la Trinité, à Alba Iulia.

Municipalités

(population en 2007)

Villes

(population en 2007)

Communes

Tourisme

Notes et références

  1. (ro) « Populaţia la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 şi 2011 – categorii de localităţi şi judeţe »(Archive.orgWikiwixArchive.isGoogleQue faire ?), sur recensamantromania.ro (consulté le ).
  2. a b c et d (ro) « Populaţia stabilă după etnie – judeţe, municipii, oraşe, comune »(Archive.orgWikiwixArchive.isGoogleQue faire ?), sur recensamantromania.ro (consulté le ).
  3. (ro) « Rezultate finale 27 septembrie 2020 », sur prezenta.roaep.ro (consulté le ).

Liens externes

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

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