Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié

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Présentation
Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié

Pays	France
Type	Mitrailleuse
Autre(s) nom(s)	A Hotchkiss Mark I.
modifier

La Mitrailleuse Hotchkiss M1909 est une mitrailleuse légère française conçue par Hotchkiss. Elle a été conçu par un noble viennois, officier de l'armée autrichienne, Adolf Odkolek von Újezd, qui a vendu les droits de fabrication à Hotchkiss en 1893. Plusieurs versions améliorées ont été conçues par le directeur américain de Hotchkiss, Laurence Benét, et son assistant français, Henri Mercié. Elle est aussi connue comme Hotchkiss Portative M1908 (ou M1908-13) dans l'Armée française, Hotchkiss Mark I dans la British Army ou Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié dans l'US Army durant la Première Guerre mondiale.

Conception

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Production

La production a commencé à l'usine Hotchkiss de Saint-Denis, à Paris, mais en 1914, l'invasion de l'armée allemande menaçant la ville, les autorités militaires françaises ont ordonné le transfert de l'usine à Lyon. L'année suivante, le gouvernement britannique a invité Hotchkiss à créer une usine à Coventry. À la fin de la guerre, cette usine avait fabriqué plus de 40 000 M1909^[1].

La version américaine a été réalisée par Springfield Armory et par la société Colt. La production totale pour les États-Unis était de 670^[2]. Cela peut sembler minime comparé aux énormes quantités d'armes à feu produites plus tard au XX^e siècle, mais il s'agissait d'un chiffre significatif pour la taille de l'armée américaine contemporaine. L'adoption du M1909 a coïncidé avec le retrait .30-06 Gatling à commande manuelle des arsenaux de l'armée américaine.

Bibliographie

Martin J. Dougherty, Armes à feu : encyclopédie visuelle, Elcy éditions, 304 p. (ISBN 9782753205215), p. 242.

Notes et références

↑ A Peripheral Weapon?: The Production and Employment of British Tanks in the First World War David J. Childs Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999 p. 87
↑ Bruce N. Canfield "The Daylight Gun": U.S. Model of 1909 Benét–Mercié Machine Gun" American Rifleman September 2010 p. 84–87

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