GLUT2

Transporteur de glucose GLUT2
Image illustrative de l’article GLUT2
Caractéristiques générales
Nom approuvé Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 2
Symbole SLC2A2
Homo sapiens
Locus 3q26.2
Masse moléculaire 57 490 Da[1]
Nombre de résidus 524 acides aminés[1]
Entrez 6514
HUGO 11006
OMIM 138160
UniProt P11168
RefSeq (ARNm) NM_000340.1, NM_001278658.1, NM_001278659.1
RefSeq (protéine) NP_000331.1, NP_001265587.1, NP_001265588.1
Ensembl ENSG00000163581

GENATLASGeneTestsGoPubmedHCOPH-InvDBTreefamVega

Liens accessibles depuis GeneCards et HUGO.

Le transporteur de glucose 2 (GLUT2) est une protéine membranaire intégrale qui facilite l'absorption du glucose à travers la membrane plasmique des cellules. Il possède une grande capacité de transport mais une affinité modérée pour le glucose (de l'ordre de 15-20 mmol L−1), ce qui accroît son efficacité[2],[3], c'est la principale protéine de transport du glucose entre le foie et le sang, et elle intervient dans la réabsorption du glucose par les reins. Elle est également capable de transporter la glucosamine[4] et le fructose[5].

Chez l'homme, elle est codée par le gène SLC2A2, situé sur le chromosome 3[6],[7]. Elle est exprimée essentiellement dans le foie et les cellules β des îlots de Langerhans, ainsi que dans l'hypothalamus et la membrane basolatérale de l'intestin grêle[8] permettant l'absorption des sucres simples et des tubules rénaux[9].

GLUT2 permet aussi le passage du fructose et du galactose dans le sang. Il est catégorisé comme transporteur de glucose de classe I (avec GLUT1, GLUT3, et GLUT4).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Les valeurs de la masse et du nombre de résidus indiquées ici sont celles du précurseur protéique issu de la traduction du gène, avant modifications post-traductionnelles, et peuvent différer significativement des valeurs correspondantes pour la protéine fonctionnelle.
  2. (en) Marie-Thérèse Guillam, Edith Hümmler, Elisabeth Schaerer, J.-Y Wu, Morris J. Birnbaum, Friedrich Beermann, Andrea Schmidt, Nathalie Dériaz et Bernard Thorens, « Early diabetes and abnormal postnatal pancreatic islet development in mice lacking Glut-2 », Nature Genetics, vol. 17, no 3,‎ , p. 327-330 (PMID 9354799, DOI 10.1038/ng1197-327, lire en ligne)
  3. (en) Shimon Efrat, « Making sense of glucose sensing », Nature Genetics, vol. 17, no 3,‎ , p. 249-250 (PMID 9354775, DOI 10.1038/ng1197-249, lire en ligne)
  4. (en) Marc Uldry, Mark Ibberson, Masaya Hosokawa et Bernard Thorens, « GLUT2 is a high affinity glucosamine transporter », FEBS Letters, vol. 524, nos 1-3,‎ , p. 199-203 (PMID 12135767, DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03058-2, lire en ligne)
  5. (en) Gwyn W. Gould, Helen M. Thomas, Thomas J. Jess et Graeme I. Bell, « Expression of human glucose transporters in Xenopus oocytes: kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms », Biochemistry, vol. 30, no 21,‎ , p. 5139-5145 (PMID 2036379, DOI 10.1021/bi00235a004, lire en ligne)
  6. (en) P. Froguel, H. Zouali, F. Sun, G. Velho, H. Fukumoto, P. Passa et D. Cohen, « CA repeat polymorphism in the glucose transporter GLUT 2 gene », Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 19, no 13,‎ , p. 3754 (PMID 1852621, PMCID 328421, DOI 10.1093/nar/19.13.3754-a, lire en ligne)
  7. (en) Marc Uldry et Bernard Thorens, « The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters », Pflügers Archiv, vol. 447, no 5,‎ , p. 480-489 (PMID 12750891, DOI 10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0, lire en ligne)
  8. (en) George L. Kellett et Edith Brot-Laroche, « Apical GLUT2: a major pathway of intestinal sugar absorption », Diabetes, vol. 54, no 10,‎ , p. 3056-3062 (PMID 16186415, DOI 10.2337/diabetes.54.10.3056, lire en ligne)
  9. (en) Helayne Soares Freitas, Beatriz D’Agord Schaan, Patricia Monteiro Seraphim, Maria Tereza Nunes, Ubiratan Fabres Machado, « Acute and short-term insulin-induced molecular adaptations of GLUT2 gene expression in the renal cortex of diabetic rats », Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol. 237, nos 1-2,‎ , p. 49-57 (PMID 15869838, DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.005, lire en ligne)

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