Fortunien

Fortunien
Étage 1
Notation française k0
Notation RGF k0
Stratotype 47° 04′ 34″ N, 55° 49′ 52″ O
Niveau Étage / Âge
Époque / Série
- Période / Système
-- Érathème / Ère 		Terreneuvien
Cambrien
Paléozoïque

Stratigraphie

DébutFin
Point stratotypique mondial 538,8 ± 0,2 Ma ≃529 Ma

Étage 2

modifier

Le Fortunien est un étage stratigraphique, marquant le début du Phanérozoïque, du Paléozoïque et du Cambrien. Le Fortunien est le premier des deux étages de la série du Terreneuvien. La base de cet étage, dont l'âge est estimé à 538,8 ± 0,2 Ma, est définie par la première apparition de traces fossiles appelées Treptichnus pedum. La limite entre le Fortunien et l'étage supérieur, l'étage 2 du Cambrien qui n'a pas encore reçu de nom, n'est pas actuellement définie de manière formelle. La fin du Fortunien a un âge estimé à 529 millions d'années environ[1],[2].

Stratigraphie

Affleurements à Fortune Head, sur l'île de Terre-Neuve, contenant le stratotype de limite pour l'étage Fortunien (Cambrien).

Le point stratotypique mondial (PSM) définissant la base de l'étage se trouve à Fortune Head, à l'extrémité nord de la péninsule de Burin, sur l'île de Terre-Neuve, au Canada (47° 04′ 34″ N, 55° 49′ 52″ O). Le PSM définit la limite Édiacarien-Cambrien et la base de la série du Terreneuvien. Les affleurements, montrant une succession de sédiments carbonatés / silico-clastiques, appartiennent à la Formation de Chapel Island. Cette limite Précambrien-Cambrien se situe 2,4 mètres au-dessus du Membre 2 de la formation et correspond à la première apparition de la trace fossile Treptichnus pedum[3]. Toutefois, ce stratotype doit être réétudié. En effet, des traces de T. pedum ont été trouvées à deux endroits à plus de 3 et 4 m en dessous du PSM, et des traces de Treptichnus sp. encore plus bas[4],[5].

Système Série Étage Âge (Ma)
Ordovicien Inférieur Trémadocien plus récent
Cambrien Furongien Étage 10 ≃489.5 - 485.4
Jiangshanien ≃494 - ≃489.5
Paibien ≃497 - ≃494
Miaolingien Guzhangien ≃500.5 - ≃497
Drumien ≃504.5 - ≃500.5
Wuliuen ≃509 - ≃504.5
Série 2 Étage 4 ≃514 - ≃509
Étage 3 ≃521 - ≃514
Terreneuvien Étage 2 ≃529 - ≃521
Fortunien 538.8 - ≃529
Édiacarien plus ancien
Subdivisions du Cambrien d'après l'ICS (2018-08)

La limite entre le Fortunien et l'étage supérieur, dénommé provisoirement étage 2, n'est pas encore définie formellement. Les propositions de définition de la base de l'étage 2 sont la première apparition d'une espèce de small shelly fossil, d'un archéocyathe[2] ou du mollusque Watsonella crosbyi[6].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ « Charte stratigraphique internationale (2023) » [PDF], sur stratigraphy.org (consulté le ).
  2. ↑ a et b (en) F.M. Gradstein, J.G Ogg, M. Schmitz et G. Ogg, The Geologic Time Scale 2012, Elsevier, , 1176 p. (ISBN 978-0-444-59448-8, lire en ligne).
  3. ↑ (en) M. Brasier, J. Cowie et M. Taylor, « Decision on the precambrian-Cambrian boundary stratotype », Episodes, vol. 17, nos 1-2,‎ , p. 95-100 (lire en ligne).
  4. ↑ (en) S. Peng et L.E. Babcock, « Continuing progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System », Bulletin of Geosciences, vol. 86, no 3,‎ , p. 391-396 (DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.1273)
  5. ↑ (en) J. Gehling, S. Jensen, M.L. Droser, P.M. Myrow et G.M. Narbonne, « Burrowing below the basal Cambrian GSSP, Fortune Head, Newfoundland », Geological Magazine, vol. 132, no 2,‎ , p. 213-218 (résumé).
  6. ↑ (en) Guoxiang Li, Xin Zhao, Alexander Gubanov, Maoyan Zhu et Lin Na, « Early Cambrian Mollusc Watsonella crosbyi: A Potential GSSP Index Fossil for the Base of the Cambrian Stage 2 », Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, vol. 85, no 2,‎ , p. 309-319 (DOI 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00400.x).

Voir aussi

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

Articles connexes

Liens externes

v · m
Cambrien
Ordovicien
Silurien
Dévonien
Carbonifère
Permien
Échelle des temps géologiques

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