Fort James (Ghana)

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Fort James.

Fort James (Ghana)
Le fort en 2018.
Présentation
Type
Partie de
Fondation
Patrimonialité
Ghana’s material cultural heritage (en)
Patrimoine mondialVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata
Localisation
Localisation
Coordonnées
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Ghana
(Voir situation sur carte : Ghana)
Géolocalisation sur la carte : Afrique
(Voir situation sur carte : Afrique)

modifier - modifier le code - modifier WikidataDocumentation du modèle

Le Fort James est un ancien comptoir colonial fortifié situé à Accra, au Ghana. Il fut un important lieu de la traite négrière sur la côte de l'Or, et fait partie depuis 1979 des forts de la côte ghanéenne inscrits sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco[1].

Historique

À gauche, Fort Crèvecœur, et à cœur droite, Fort James.

Le fort a été construit en 1673 par la Royal African Company of England comme un poste de traite pour l'or et les esclaves[2]. Il est situé à proximité du fort néerlandais Crêvecœur, et le fort danois Christiansborg.

Le fort tient son nom de Jacques Stuart (en anglais James Stuart), duc d'York, qui deviendra plus tard Jacques II, roi d'Angleterre et d'Écosse, et qui fut gouverneur de la Royal African Company au moment de sa construction.

Le fort a servi de prison jusqu'en 2008. C'est notamment là qu'en 1950 et 1951, a été emprisonné par les Anglais Kwame Nkrumah, futur premier président du Ghana indépendant[3].

Galerie

  • Le fort anglais au milieu du XVIIIe siècle.
    Le fort anglais au milieu du XVIIIe siècle.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial, « Forts et châteaux de Volta, d'Accra et ses environs et des régions centrale et ouest », sur UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial (consulté le )
  2. ↑ (en) George Francis Dow, Slave Ships and Slaving, Dover Publications, (lire en ligne)
  3. ↑ (en) David Rooney, Kwame Nkrumah : The Political Kingdom in the Third World, Palgrave Macmillan, (ISBN 978-0-312-02479-6, lire en ligne)

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

  • Jean-Michel Deveau, L’or et les esclaves, histoire des forts du Ghana du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, Paris, UNESCO / Karthala, , 330 p.
  • (en) William St Clair, The Door of No Return : The History of Cape Coast Castle and the Atlantic Slave Trade, New York, BlueBridge, , 282 p. (ISBN 978-1-933346-05-2)
  • (en) Albert van Dantzig, Forts and Castles of Ghana, Accra, Sedco Publishing, , 116 p. (ISBN 9964-72-010-6)

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