Filière (polymères)

Une filière coaxiale en acier inoxydable manufacturée par Ramé–Hart Instrument co., Succasunna (New Jersey).
Une filière pour fibres creuses, avec la sortie du polymère entourée en rouge.

Une filière est un outil utilisé pour l'extrusion d'une solution de polymère ou de polymères fondus lors de l'électrofilage (electrospinning) de fibres[1].

Fonctionnement

Un flux de polymère visqueux est émis à la sortie de la filière dans de l'air ou un liquide, ce qui cause une inversion de phase qui permet au polymère de se solidifier. Les chaînes de polymère ont tendance à s'aligner dans la fibre en raison de leur viscosité[2]. Le processus de transition liquide-fibre est similaire au processus de production de la barbe à papa. Ce processus de production de fibre est généralement appelé « filature » ou spinning. Selon le type de filière utilisée, les fibres peuvent être solides ou creuses. Les filières sont principalement utilisées pour l'électrofilage et l'électronébulisation (electrospraying). Elles sont parfois appelées « aiguilles coaxiales » ou « émetteurs coaxiaux ».

Les filières sont généralement composées de métaux aux points de fusion trop bas pour pouvoir résister aux températures utilisées dans l'industrie métallurgique et ne sont donc pas utilisées pour la fabrication de métaux de construction.

Références

  1. Norman N. Li, Advanced membrane technology and applications, Hoboken, N.J., Wiley, (ISBN 978-0-470-27628-0).
  2. Chun Cao, Tai-Shung Chung, Shing Bor Chen et ZhengJun Dong, « The study of elongation and shear rates in spinning process and its effect on gas separation performance of Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) hollow fiber membranes », Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 59,‎ , p. 1053–1062 (DOI 10.1016/j.ces.2003.10.023).

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