Défenseur de la Foi

Jacques IV d'Écosse, Défenseur de la Foi

Défenseur de la Foi (latin : Fidei Defensor) est un prédicat honorifique attribué par le pape à certains monarques et que certains monarques se sont attribués.

Ce titre a été attribué pour la première fois en 1507 par le pape Jules II à Jacques IV d'Écosse. Il fut conféré par le légat pontifical Robert Bellenden à l'abbaye de Holyrood[1],[2].

Il a été attribué une seconde fois en 1521 à Henri VIII par le pape Léon X en reconnaissance de la publication par le Roi de Défense des sept sacrements[3],[4],[5],[6].

En 1530, lors de l'excommunication d'Henri VIII, ce titre lui a été retiré par la même occasion. Toutefois, Henri VIII et ses successeurs continuèrent à porter le titre de "Défenseur de la Foi et de l'Église d'Angleterre"[7],[8].

En 1537, ce titre fut attribué à Jacques V, roi d'Écosse et adversaire d'Henri VIII, par le pape Paul III.

En 1684, ce titre fut attribué à Jean III Sobieski, roi de Pologne et vainqueur de la bataille de Vienne contre les Ottomans par le pape Innocent XI[9],[10].

Autres prédicats

Les monarques d'autres nations européennes ont reçu des titres similaires de la part du pape :

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Grant's "Old and New Edinburgh"
  2. ↑ Macdougall, Norman, James IV, Tuckwell (1997); pp. 22.
  3. ↑ « defender of the faith – English royal title »
  4. ↑ « Defender of the Faith », sur Medieval Manuscripts Blog, (consulté le )
  5. ↑ Antonia Fraser, The Wives of Henry VIII, page 95
  6. ↑ Louis O'Donovan, The Defence of the Seven Sacraments, Dalcassian Publishing Company, (ISBN 9781538092026, lire en ligne)
  7. ↑ Cameron, Jamie, James V, Tuckwell (1998), 288.
  8. ↑ Hay, Denys, ed., Letters of James V, HMSO (1954), 328.
  9. ↑ « Jan III Sobieski – A Polish King in Vienna »
  10. ↑ (en) Gerard Van Loon, Contemporary Numismatics, BRILL, (ISBN 978-90-04-10487-7, lire en ligne)

Read other articles:

Hias Ritel

Hias Ritel/ Hauz Home CenterJenisPublikDidirikan7 Juli 2011KantorpusatJakarta, IndonesiaTokohkunciKuswanto GunadiProdukretail Perkakas, furnitureSitus webSitus resmi Hias Ritel / Hauz Home Center (sebelumnya bernama Do It Best Pongs Home Center dan berganti menjadi Best Pongs) adalah salah satu perusahaan ritel perkakas dan furniture di Indonesia, yang didirikan pada tanggal 7 Juli 2011 oleh Paulus Ong. Sejarah Logo awal Best Pongs Sebelumnya, Best Pongs bernama Do It Best Pongs Home Center y...

 

10 janvier

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Dix-Janvier. Éphémérides Janvier 1er 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31         10 décembre 10 février Chronologies thématiques Croisades Ferroviaires Sports Disney Anarchisme Catholicisme Abréviations / Voir aussi (° 1852) = né en 1852 († 1885) = mort en 1885 a.s. = calendrier julien n.s. = calendrier grégorien Calendrier Calendrier perpétuel Liste de calendriers Naissances du j...

 

John Profumo

British politician John ProfumoCBEProfumo in 1938Secretary of State for WarIn office27 July 1960 – 5 June 1963Prime MinisterHarold MacmillanPreceded byChristopher SoamesSucceeded byJoseph GodberMinister of State for Foreign AffairsIn office16 January 1959 – 27 July 1960Prime MinisterHarold MacmillanPreceded byAllan NobleSucceeded byDavid Ormsby-GoreParliamentary Under-Secretary of State1958–1959Foreign Affairs1957–1958Colonies1952–1957Ministry of TransportMember of...

Théorie d'Everett

Le paradoxe du chat de Schrödinger dans l’interprétation d’Everett des mondes multiples (many worlds). Ici, chaque évènement est une bifurcation. Le chat est à la fois mort et vivant, avant même l'ouverture de la boite, mais le chat mort et le chat vivant existent dans des bifurcations différentes de l'univers, qui sont tout aussi réelles l'une que l'autre. La théorie d'Everett, (plus rigoureusement l'interprétation d'Everett), appelée parfois des états relatifs, des mondes mu...

 

Sektziyat Kaduregel Ness Ziona

Questa voce sull'argomento società calcistiche israeliane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Sektzia Ness ZionaCalcio Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali arancione e nero Dati societari Città Ness Ziona Nazione  Israele Confederazione UEFA Federazione IFA Campionato Liga Leumit Fondazione 1955 Rifondazione2005 Presidente Kobi Kaduri Allenatore Shlomi Dora Stadio Stadio Ness Ziona(3.500 posti) Palmarès S...

 

Beyza Kocatürk

Turkish footballer Beyza Kocatürk Beyza Kocatürk of Ataşehir Belediyespor in the 2018-19 Turkish Women's First Football League.Personal informationDate of birth (1996-12-09) 9 December 1996 (age 27)Place of birth İzmit, TurkeyPosition(s) DefenderTeam informationCurrent team ALG SporNumber 3Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2008–2009 İzmit Saraybahçe BS 4 (0)2009–2012 İzmit Belediyespor 49 (11)2012–2013 İzmit Çenesuyu Plajyolu S 10 (1)2013–2014 Karşıyaka Koleji Spor 7 ...

Manilal Gandhi

Manilal GandhiLahir(1892-10-28)28 Oktober 1892Rajkot, IndiaMeninggal4 April 1956(1956-04-04) (umur 63)Durban, Afrika SelatanSuami/istriSushila Mashruwala(1927-1956)AnakSita (1928)Ela (1940)Arun (1934)Orang tuaMohandas Karamchand GandhiKasturba Gandhi Manilal Mohandas Gandhi (28 Oktober 1892 – 4 April 1956) adalah anak kedua dari empat bersaudara dari pasangan Mahatma Gandhi dan Kasturba Gandhi. Pada tahun 1897, Manilal pergi ke Afrika Selatan untuk pertama kalinya, di ma...

 

Jean-Paul Marat

Jean-Paul Marat Jean-Paul Marat (24 Mei 1743 – 13 Juli 1793) adalah seorang dokter, wartawan, ilmuwan, dan politikus yang aktif selama Revolusi Prancis. Seorang jurnalis dan politikus selama Revolusi Prancis, dia adalah pembela sans-culottes yang gigih, bersuara radikal, dan menerbitkan pandangannya dalam pamflet, plakat, dan surat kabar. Surat kabarnya L'Ami du peuple (Sahabat Rakyat) membuatnya menjadi penghubung tidak resmi dengan kelompok Jacobin radikal yang berkuasa sete...

 

John Dewey

Wajah John Dewey dalam prangkoJohn Dewey adalah seorang filsuf dari Amerika Serikat yang menjadi salah satu perintis pemikiran pragmatisme.[1] Ia dikenal sebagai kritikus sosial tentang pendidikan yang kemudian merintis dasar keilmuan di bidang psikologi pendidikan. Ia lahir di Burlington pada tahun 1859 dan menempuh pendidikan di Baltimore. Semasa hidupnya, ia bekerja sebagai profesor di bidang filsafat dan pendidikan di beberapa universitas. Dewey menghasilkan karya tulis sebanyak 4...

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

Disambiguazione – Pergolesi rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Pergolesi (disambigua). Caricatura di Pergolesi, realizzata da Pier Leone Ghezzi. La didascalia manoscritta recita: Pergolese Compositor di Musica che venne in Roma li 20 maggio 1734 Giovanni Battista Draghi detto Pergolesi (Jesi, 4 gennaio 1710 – Pozzuoli, 16 marzo 1736) è stato un compositore, organista e violinista italiano, esponente di spicco dell'epoca barocca; è considerato uno dei maggiori...

 

Maus

Graphic novel by Art Spiegelman This article is about the book. For the tank, see Panzer VIII Maus. For other uses, see Maus (disambiguation). MausCover of the first volume of MausCreatorArt SpiegelmanDate1991Page count296 pagesPublisherPantheon BooksOriginal publicationPublished inRawIssuesVol. 1 No. 2 – Vol. 2 No. 3Date of publication1980–1991 Maus,[a] often published as Maus: A Survivor's Tale, is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, serialized ...

 

Edward Szczepanik

Prime Minister of Poland (1915–2005) Edward SzczepanikSzczepanik in 1986.Prime Minister of PolandIn exile8 April 1986 – 22 December 1990PresidentKazimierz SabbatRyszard KaczorowskiPreceded byKazimierz SabbatSucceeded byTadeusz Mazowiecki(Third Polish Republic) Personal detailsBornEdward Franciszek Szczepanik22 August 1915Suwałki, Russian Empire(now Poland)Died11 October 2005(2005-10-11) (aged 90)Worcestershire, EnglandAlma materWarsaw School of Economics Edward Franciszek S...

Ice Cube

American rapper and actor (born 1969) O'Shea Jackson redirects here. For his son, see O'Shea Jackson Jr. For cube-shaped ice, see Ice cube. For other uses, see Ice cube (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Ice-T. Ice CubeIce Cube in 2014BornO'Shea Jackson (1969-06-15) June 15, 1969 (age 54)Los Angeles, California, U.S.EducationTaft High School Phoenix Institute Of TechnologyOccupationsRappersongwriteractorrecord producerfilm producerYears active1986–presentOrganization(s)Cube...

 

Omit Flowers

Short story by Rex StoutOmit FlowersShort story by Rex StoutIllustrated by Thornton UtzCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenre(s)Detective fictionPublicationPublished inThe American MagazinePublication typePeriodicalPublication dateNovember 1948SeriesNero Wolfe Omit Flowers is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published in the November 1948 issue of The American Magazine. It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection Three Doors to Death, published by the Vi...

 

Caribbean Football Union

Governing body for association football in the Caribbean Caribbean Football UnionThe former CFU emblemAbbreviationCFUFormation28 January 1978; 46 years ago (1978-01-28)TypeSports organisationHeadquartersJamaicaMembership 31 member associationsSecretary GeneralCamara DavidPresidentRandy HarrisWebsitewww.caribbeanfootballunion.org The Caribbean Football Union (CFU) is the representative organization for football associations in the Caribbean. It represents 25 FIFA member natio...

Routing in cellular networks

Cell sites frequency reuse pattern in Cellular telephone network . See U.S. patent 4,144,411 Network routing in a cellular network deals with the challenges of traditional telephony such as switching and call setup.[1] Most cellular network routing issues in different cells can be attributed to the multiple access methods used for transmission. The location of each mobile phone must be known to reuse a given band of frequencies in different cells and forms space-division multiple acce...

 

White Lake Township, Michigan

White Lake, Michigan redirects here. There are several lakes named White Lake in Michigan. Charter township in Michigan, United StatesWhite Lake Township, MichiganCharter townshipCharter Township of White LakeHighland Road (M-59) west toward Porter RoadLocation within Oakland CountyWhite Lake TownshipLocation within the state of MichiganCoordinates: 42°38′52″N 83°29′47″W / 42.64778°N 83.49639°W / 42.64778; -83.49639CountryUnited StatesStateMichiganCountyOak...

 

تشارلز بينز

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2020) تشارلز بينز معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد سنة 1786   تاريخ الوفاة سنة 1847 (60–61 سنة)  مواطنة كندا  الحياة العملية المهنة سياسي  اللغات الإنجليزية  ت...

Etimesgut Air Base

Airport in Ankara, TurkeyEtimesgut Air BaseEtimesgut Hava ÜssüIATA: ANKICAO: LTADSummaryAirport typeMilitaryOwnerTurkish Air ForceOperator11th Air Logistics CommandTurkish Aeronautical AssociationLocationAnkara, TurkeyElevation AMSL2,653 ft / 809 mCoordinates39°56′59.39″N 032°41′19.04″E / 39.9498306°N 32.6886222°E / 39.9498306; 32.6886222MapEtimesgutLocation of airport in TurkeyShow map of TurkeyEtimesgutEtimesgut (NATO)Show map of NATORunw...

 

Greg Lake

La neutralità di questa voce o sezione sull'argomento rock è stata messa in dubbio. Motivo: mancanza di fonti critiche documentate;vedere discussione Per contribuire, correggi i toni enfatici o di parte e partecipa alla discussione. Non rimuovere questo avviso finché la disputa non è risolta. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Greg LakeGreg Lake in concerto a Llandudno, Galles, nel 2005 Nazionalità Regno Unito GenereRock progressivo[1][2]Art ...