Cistus albidus

Cistus albidus
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Ciste cotonneux
Classification de Cronquist (1981)
Règne Plantae
Sous-règne Tracheobionta
Division Magnoliophyta
Classe Magnoliopsida
Sous-classe Dilleniidae
Ordre Violales
Famille Cistaceae
Genre Cistus

Espèce

Cistus albidus
L., 1753

Classification APG II (2003)

Ordre Malvales
Famille Cistaceae
Cistus albidus - Muséum de Toulouse

Le Ciste cotonneux (Cistus albidus), appelé aussi Ciste blanc ou Ciste blanchâtre, est un arbrisseau caractéristique de la garrigue, supportant bien une période d’aridité et appréciant les sols calcaires.

Dénomination

  • La plante est connue en langue anglaise sous le nom de « rockrose » (rose des roches) ou « white dart ».

Étymologie

Le nom ciste vient du grec ancien, κίσθος, « boîte, capsule », allusion à la forme du fruit capsulaire[1].

Le mot latin albidus, signifiant « blanchâtre », fait référence aux feuilles duveteuses caractéristiques et non aux fleurs qui sont de couleur rose. Il est d’ailleurs parfois appelé ciste blanchâtre ou ciste blanc.

Caractéristiques

Un ciste cotonneux en fleur dans la Réserve naturelle régionale de Sainte Lucie

Le cistus albidus est un arbrisseau de la famille des cistacées de taille moyenne (entre 0,5 et 1,2 m. de hauteur).

Son feuillage persistant gris clair est composé de feuilles simples, sessiles, opposées et couvertes de poils étoilés.

Sa floraison s’étale d’avril à juin et révèle une inflorescence en cyme unipare hélicoïde composée de fleurs formées par 5 pétales à l’aspect chiffonné et de couleur rose. Les fleurs attirent abeilles, papillons et autres insectes assurant une pollinisation entomogame.

Les fruits du Cistus albidus sont des capsules déhiscentes à 5 valves. La dissémination des fruits est épizoochore.

Aire de répartition en France métropolitaine

En France métropolitaine, le ciste-blanc est présent surtout dans le Midi-Méditerranéen[2].

Références

  1. ↑ Jean-Claude Rameau, Dominique Mansion, Gérard Dumé, Flore forestière française: Plaines et collines, Forêt privée française, , p. 407
  2. ↑ Répartition du ciste-blanc en France-métropolitaine

Voir aussi

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