Chromostereopsis

Couleurs saillante et fuyante
Exploitation dans un vitrail (château de Sułkowski à Bielsko-Biała (Pologne), 1564)

Chromostereopsis est un néologisme attesté seulement en langue anglaise ; en français on trouve, rarement, chromostéréoscopie[1]. Tiré du grec chromo, couleur et stereo, volume, il désigne un procédé pictural ancien dans lequel une image plate donne une impression de profondeur au moyen d'un contraste de couleurs[2],[3].

L'effet se base sur une propriété connue dans la peinture depuis l'époque classique. Une aire rouge ou de couleur chaude sur un fond gris s'interprète comme une tache sur le fond, tandis qu'une aire bleue ou de couleur froide se perçoit comme un trou dans la surface. Les premières se disent saillantes, les secondes, fuyantes[4]. Goethe le mentionne dans son Traité des couleurs. L'enseignement académique professe ainsi que la perspective aérienne exige que les fonds soient bleuâtres et les premiers plans, brunâtres[5]. Il renforce souvent d'autres indices de la disposition des objets, comme l'occlusion, qui est la propriété d'un objet proche de masquer un objet plus lointain, et les effets de perspective.

Einthoven a attribué en 1885 l'effet à une certaine forme d'aberration chromatique dans l'œil[6],[7],[8],[9],[10].

Références

  1. ↑ Bronisław Kapitaniak, « ambiance lumineuse », sur chups.jussieu.fr (consulté le ), avec Einthoven 1885.
  2. ↑ Faubert, « Seeing depth in colour: More than just what meets the eyes », Vision Research, vol. 34, no 9,‎ , p. 1165–86 (PMID 8184561, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(94)90299-2)
  3. ↑ Faubert, « Colour induced stereopsis in images with achromatic information and only one other colour », Vision Research, vol. 35, no 22,‎ , p. 3161–7 (PMID 8533350, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(95)00039-3)
  4. ↑ Maurice Déribéré, La couleur, Paris, PUF, coll. « Que Sais-Je » (no 220), , 12e éd. (1re éd. 1964), p. 71.
  5. ↑ Ernst Gombrich (trad. de l'anglais par Guy Durand), L'Art et l'illusion. Psychologie de la représentation picturale [« Art and illusion, a study in the psychology of pictorial representation »], Paris, Gallimard, (1re éd. 1960(en), 1971(fr)). Ch. I. « De la lumière à la peinture ».
  6. ↑ Einthoven, « Stereoscopie durch Farbendifferenz », Albrecht von Græfe's Archiv für Ophthalmologie, vol. 31, no 3,‎ , p. 211–38 (DOI 10.1007/BF01692536, lire en ligne)
  7. ↑ Kishto, « The colour stereoscopic effect », Vision Research, vol. 5, nos 6–7,‎ , p. 313–29 (PMID 5905872, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(65)90007-6)
  8. ↑ Simonet et Campbell, « Effect of illuminance on the directions of chromostereopsis and transverse chromatic aberration observed with natural pupils », Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, vol. 10, no 3,‎ , p. 271–9 (PMID 2216476, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00863.x)
  9. ↑ Sundet, « Effects of colour on perceived depth: Review of experiments and evaluation of theories », Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol. 19, no 2,‎ , p. 133–43 (PMID 675178, DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9450.1978.tb00313.x)
  10. ↑ Ye, Bradley, Thibos et Zhang, « Interocular differences in transverse chromatic aberration determine chromostereopsis for small pupils », Vision Research, vol. 31, no 10,‎ , p. 1787–96 (PMID 1767497, DOI 10.1016/0042-6989(91)90026-2)
v · m
Stéréoscopie
Lunettes stéréoscopiques
Autostéréogrammes
Photogrammétrie
Holographie
Cinéma en relief

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