Chaconine

Chaconine
Image illustrative de l’article Chaconine
Identification
Nom UICPA (3béta)-solanid-5-en-3-yl-O-6-déoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(6-déoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-4))-béta-D-glucopyranoside
No CAS 20562-03-2
No ECHA 100.161.828
SMILES
InChI
Propriétés chimiques
Formule C45H73NO14  [Isomères]
Masse molaire[1] 852,059 4 ± 0,045 5 g/mol
C 63,43 %, H 8,64 %, N 1,64 %, O 26,29 %,
Propriétés physiques
T° fusion 243 °C (décomposition)
Unités du SI et CNTP, sauf indication contraire.
modifier 

L'α-Chaconine est un composé chimique stéroïdique du type glycoalcaloïde, de la famille des saponines, qui est présent chez les plantes de la famille des Solanaceae. C'est une substance toxique naturelle, très proche de la solanine, produite en particulier dans les pommes de terre vertes, ce qui leur donne un goût amer[2]. Les tubercules produisent ce glycoalcaloïde en réponse à des agressions, fournissant aux plantes des défenses insecticides et fongicides[2].

Toxicité

La présence de plus de 20 mg/100g de glycoalcaloïdes dans les tubercules est toxique pour l'homme[3].

Il y a eu des cas d'intoxication mortelle par des pommes de terre à forte teneur en glycoalcaloïdes[4], mais ces cas sont rares[5].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Masse molaire calculée d’après « Atomic weights of the elements 2007 », sur www.chem.qmul.ac.uk.
  2. ↑ a et b (en) Kuiper-Goodman, T. and Nawrot, P.S. "Toxin profile:Solanine and Chaconine" IPCS, INCHEM
  3. ↑ Mark A. Taylor, Gordon J. McDougall et Derek Stewart, « Potato Flavour and Texture », dans Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Elsevier, , 525–540 p. (ISBN 978-0-444-51018-1, DOI 10.1016/b978-044451018-1/50066-x, lire en ligne)
  4. ↑ (en) Rodney J. Bushway et Rathy Ponnampalam, « .alpha.-Chaconine and .alpha.-solanine content of potato products and their stability during several modes of cooking », Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 29, no 4,‎ , p. 814–817 (ISSN 0021-8561 et 1520-5118, DOI 10.1021/jf00106a033, lire en ligne, consulté le )
  5. ↑ (en) « Potato plant poisoning - green tubers and sprouts: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia », sur medlineplus.gov (consulté le )

Voir aussi

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